Pith Number

pith:VM56LFWF

pith:2024:VM56LFWFZTAKZDHIZLSK7ODNRL

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect

Amanda Ellen Kowalski, Neil Christy

arxiv:2412.16352 v6 · 2024-12-20 · econ.EM

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{VM56LFWFZTAKZDHIZLSK7ODNRL}

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Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Cited by

1 paper in Pith

Counting Defiers: A Design-Based Model of an Experiment Can Reveal Evidence Beyond the Average Effect

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-06-23T02:13:13.601486Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

ab3be596c5ccc0ac8ce8cae4afb86d8aed3b8eb1099e61a7a2cbfd765817fb06

Aliases

arxiv: 2412.16352 · arxiv_version: 2412.16352v6 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2412.16352 · pith_short_12: VM56LFWFZTAK · pith_short_16: VM56LFWFZTAKZDHI · pith_short_8: VM56LFWF

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/VM56LFWFZTAKZDHIZLSK7ODNRL \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: ab3be596c5ccc0ac8ce8cae4afb86d8aed3b8eb1099e61a7a2cbfd765817fb06

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "63ef0ba56855fa02ca5686c1bfb6b5ccc356ede27cde31a5fa3242c8d21e3f9d",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "econ.EM",
    "submitted_at": "2024-12-20T21:27:02Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "2efa6f5b3db65cfd6f0a716cbe97d0855702f6e07de4aa09eb370ba3696d842a"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2412.16352",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 6
  }
}