pith. sign in
Pith Number

pith:WCWKMAXR

pith:2019:WCWKMAXR34XWTWDL6NOER4SRD7
not attested not anchored not stored refs resolved

Release Strategies and the Social Impacts of Language Models

Alec Radford, Alex Newhouse, Amanda Askell, Ariel Herbert-Voss, Gretchen Krueger, Irene Solaiman, Jack Clark, Jasmine Wang, Jason Blazakis, Jeff Wu, Jong Wook Kim, Kris McGuffie, Miles Brundage, Miles McCain, Sarah Kreps

Staged release of language models allows time to assess risks and benefits as capabilities grow.

arxiv:1908.09203 v2 · 2019-08-24 · cs.CL · cs.AI · cs.CY

Add to your LaTeX paper
\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{WCWKMAXR34XWTWDL6NOER4SRD7}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp
2 Internet Archive
3 Author claim open · sign in to claim
4 Citations open
5 Replications open
Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state
The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

Staged release, which allows time between model releases to conduct risk and benefit analyses as model sizes increased.

C2weakest assumption

That the time between staged releases is sufficient to conduct meaningful risk and benefit analyses and that partnerships will lead to better outcomes.

C3one line summary

OpenAI describes using staged releases for GPT-2 to balance beneficial uses against misuse risks and offers recommendations for AI publication.

References

5 extracted · 5 resolved · 2 Pith anchors

[1] arXiv , Author =:1511.01432 , Primaryclass = 2014 · doi:10.1126/science.aal4230
[2] Clinically Accurate Chest X-Ray Report Generation 2019 · doi:10.1145/3287560.3287596
[3] (Accessed on 08/15/2019) 2019
[4] doi: 10.18653/v1/N18-1202 2019 · doi:10.18653/v1/n18-1202
[5] criminal through he/his pronouns, describing a criminal as a “man 2012 · doi:10.1007/s12115-017-0114-0

Formal links

1 machine-checked theorem link

Cited by

30 papers in Pith

Receipt and verification
First computed 2026-05-17T23:38:47.326618Z
Builder pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature Pith Ed25519 (pith-v1-2026-05) · public key
Schema pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

b0aca602f1df2f69d86bf35c48f2511fc2a56325c319d9a0b8ec61ea32574cbd

Aliases

arxiv: 1908.09203 · arxiv_version: 1908.09203v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.1908.09203 · pith_short_12: WCWKMAXR34XW · pith_short_16: WCWKMAXR34XWTWDL · pith_short_8: WCWKMAXR
Agent API
Verify this Pith Number yourself
curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/WCWKMAXR34XWTWDL6NOER4SRD7 \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: b0aca602f1df2f69d86bf35c48f2511fc2a56325c319d9a0b8ec61ea32574cbd
Canonical record JSON
{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "507652fa04e73abdf937a6eee62b7b7e4d8ec30c575aa747336f05659d41d970",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.AI",
      "cs.CY"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.CL",
    "submitted_at": "2019-08-24T20:41:40Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "435555c4c372240ad1016797a88d1bb04105847831c3d7a05fbed5f9007c1b06"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "1908.09203",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}