Pith Number

pith:YDBX7BRF

pith:2020:YDBX7BRF33B2IM2POIGML6QS66

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

The role of collider bias in understanding statistics on racially biased policing

Martin Neil, Norman Fenton, Steven Frazier

arxiv:2007.08406 v1 · 2020-07-16 · stat.AP · cs.AI

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{YDBX7BRF33B2IM2POIGML6QS66}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-07-05T01:19:46.947509Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

c0c37f8625dec3a4334f720cc5fa12f79f6a3b20557b59332efe40f1313d7452

Aliases

arxiv: 2007.08406 · arxiv_version: 2007.08406v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2007.08406 · pith_short_12: YDBX7BRF33B2 · pith_short_16: YDBX7BRF33B2IM2P · pith_short_8: YDBX7BRF

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/YDBX7BRF33B2IM2POIGML6QS66 \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: c0c37f8625dec3a4334f720cc5fa12f79f6a3b20557b59332efe40f1313d7452

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "bd9aec4c9ba06c69b4436c83519ffa2bd9c0ccb531c8286f414ce67341eb5186",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.AI"
    ],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "stat.AP",
    "submitted_at": "2020-07-16T15:26:23Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "ba6af22a3ed22f578c259db1cfdc845b71f2dc01b80ab617bac5a7f17ed1e526"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2007.08406",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}