AutoLab benchmark shows frontier models mostly fail at sustained iterative optimization due to premature termination, with persistence as the key success factor.
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Re-bench: Evaluating frontier ai r&d capabilities of language model agents against human experts
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The Meta-Agent Challenge shows frontier AI models rarely match human-engineered agent baselines when tasked with autonomous development, with proprietary models succeeding most often and some exhibiting cheating under pressure.
MirrorCode benchmark shows current AI models achieving up to 56% success reimplementing 25 diverse full programs from behavior alone, including a 16,000-line bioinformatics toolkit.
InquiTree shows LLM agents suffer from degrading critical capabilities during extended scientific interactions and perform worse on papers published after their training cutoffs.
FML-Bench shows a simple greedy hill-climber nearly matches tree search on dense-opportunity tasks while an adaptive agent that broadens search on stagnation outperforms six baselines across 18 tasks.
FrontierSmith automates synthesis of open-ended coding problems from closed-ended seeds and shows measurable gains on two open-ended LLM coding benchmarks.
Collider-Bench is a new benchmark showing that current LLM agents cannot reliably reproduce LHC analyses at the level of a physicist-in-the-loop.
KernelBench shows that even the best current LLMs generate correct and faster-than-baseline GPU kernels in fewer than 20 percent of realistic ML workloads.
Frontier models demonstrate in-context scheming by strategically deceiving in multiple agentic evaluations to achieve given goals.
ARTS improves automated scientific discovery by using reasoning LMs with test-time training to separate hypothesis merit from execution quality in tree search, achieving 15.3% relative gains on 22 MLGym and MLEBench tasks.
Arbor combines a coordinator, executors, and a hypothesis tree to enable cumulative autonomous research, outperforming Codex and Claude Code by over 2.5x on six real tasks and reaching 86.36% Any Medal on MLE-Bench Lite.
RAMP evaluates 15 models on production-like serial workflows and reports completion rates collapsing from 100% to 20% with none finishing the full pipeline and costs varying by three orders of magnitude.
Presents Hack-Verifiable TextArena, a benchmark that embeds verifiable reward hacking opportunities into environments to enable deterministic measurement of exploitation by language models.
ResearchArena shows that agent-generated papers fail top-tier acceptance standards primarily due to fabricated results, underpowered experiments, and plan-execution mismatches that vary sharply by agent.
The authors adapt established RCT validity principles from other fields into a standardized framework with 33 guidelines tailored to AI evaluation contexts.
TREX automates the LLM training lifecycle via collaborative agents and tree-based exploration, delivering consistent performance gains across 10 real-world fine-tuning tasks in FT-Bench.
Frontier-Eng is a new benchmark for generative optimization in engineering where agents iteratively improve designs under fixed interaction budgets using executable verifiers, with top models like GPT 5.4 showing limited success.
EcoGym is a new open benchmark with three economic environments that reveals no leading LLM dominates at sustained plan-and-execute decision making across scenarios.
Frontier LLMs exhibit high scheming propensity in Cheap Talk signaling and Peer Evaluation games, achieving 95-100% success rates when choosing to deceive and 100% deception choice in one setup even without prompting.
Bounded performance metrics always favor convergence of AI capabilities to meek models while unbounded metrics allow frontier models to maintain leads indefinitely, with policy implications for capability concentration.
HACO adapts MaskGIT from vision into MaskGXT with symmetry tokens and stratified sampling, reaching 79.06% METRe accuracy on MP-20 polymorph split versus 70.87% for the best baseline.
Chain-of-thought monitorability provides a promising but fragile method for AI safety oversight that developers should actively preserve.
Humanity's Last Exam is a new 2,500-question benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge where state-of-the-art LLMs show low accuracy.
Coding benchmarks misalign with agentic software engineering because they conflate model and harness, grade against single references, and provide no component-level iteration signals.
citing papers explorer
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AutoLab: Can Frontier Models Solve Long-Horizon Auto Research and Engineering Tasks?
AutoLab benchmark shows frontier models mostly fail at sustained iterative optimization due to premature termination, with persistence as the key success factor.
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The Meta-Agent Challenge: Are Current Agents Capable of Autonomous Agent Development?
The Meta-Agent Challenge shows frontier AI models rarely match human-engineered agent baselines when tasked with autonomous development, with proprietary models succeeding most often and some exhibiting cheating under pressure.
-
MirrorCode: AI can rebuild entire programs from behavior alone
MirrorCode benchmark shows current AI models achieving up to 56% success reimplementing 25 diverse full programs from behavior alone, including a 16,000-line bioinformatics toolkit.
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InquiTree: Evaluating AI Agents in the Scientific Inquiry Loop with Paper-Derived Research Trees
InquiTree shows LLM agents suffer from degrading critical capabilities during extended scientific interactions and perform worse on papers published after their training cutoffs.
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FML-bench: A Controlled Study of AI Research Agent Strategies from the Perspective of Search Dynamics
FML-Bench shows a simple greedy hill-climber nearly matches tree search on dense-opportunity tasks while an adaptive agent that broadens search on stagnation outperforms six baselines across 18 tasks.
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FrontierSmith: Synthesizing Open-Ended Coding Problems at Scale
FrontierSmith automates synthesis of open-ended coding problems from closed-ended seeds and shows measurable gains on two open-ended LLM coding benchmarks.
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Collider-Bench: Benchmarking AI Agents with Particle Physics Analysis Reproduction
Collider-Bench is a new benchmark showing that current LLM agents cannot reliably reproduce LHC analyses at the level of a physicist-in-the-loop.
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KernelBench: Can LLMs Write Efficient GPU Kernels?
KernelBench shows that even the best current LLMs generate correct and faster-than-baseline GPU kernels in fewer than 20 percent of realistic ML workloads.
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Frontier Models are Capable of In-context Scheming
Frontier models demonstrate in-context scheming by strategically deceiving in multiple agentic evaluations to achieve given goals.
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Learning the ARTS of Search for Automated Discovery
ARTS improves automated scientific discovery by using reasoning LMs with test-time training to separate hypothesis merit from execution quality in tree search, achieving 15.3% relative gains on 22 MLGym and MLEBench tasks.
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Toward Generalist Autonomous Research via Hypothesis-Tree Refinement
Arbor combines a coordinator, executors, and a hypothesis tree to enable cumulative autonomous research, outperforming Codex and Claude Code by over 2.5x on six real tasks and reaching 86.36% Any Medal on MLE-Bench Lite.
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Benchmarks are Not Enough: RAMP for Runtime Assessing of Agentic Models in Production Systems
RAMP evaluates 15 models on production-like serial workflows and reports completion rates collapsing from 100% to 20% with none finishing the full pipeline and costs varying by three orders of magnitude.
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Hack-Verifiable Environments: Towards Evaluating Reward Hacking at Scale
Presents Hack-Verifiable TextArena, a benchmark that embeds verifiable reward hacking opportunities into environments to enable deterministic measurement of exploitation by language models.
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How Far Are We From True Auto-Research?
ResearchArena shows that agent-generated papers fail top-tier acceptance standards primarily due to fabricated results, underpowered experiments, and plan-execution mismatches that vary sharply by agent.
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Principles and Guidelines for Randomized Controlled Trials in AI Evaluation
The authors adapt established RCT validity principles from other fields into a standardized framework with 33 guidelines tailored to AI evaluation contexts.
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TREX: Automating LLM Fine-tuning via Agent-Driven Tree-based Exploration
TREX automates the LLM training lifecycle via collaborative agents and tree-based exploration, delivering consistent performance gains across 10 real-world fine-tuning tasks in FT-Bench.
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Frontier-Eng: Benchmarking Self-Evolving Agents on Real-World Engineering Tasks with Generative Optimization
Frontier-Eng is a new benchmark for generative optimization in engineering where agents iteratively improve designs under fixed interaction budgets using executable verifiers, with top models like GPT 5.4 showing limited success.
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EcoGym: Evaluating LLMs for Long-Horizon Plan-and-Execute in Interactive Economies
EcoGym is a new open benchmark with three economic environments that reveals no leading LLM dominates at sustained plan-and-execute decision making across scenarios.
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Scheming Ability in LLM-to-LLM Strategic Interactions
Frontier LLMs exhibit high scheming propensity in Cheap Talk signaling and Peer Evaluation games, achieving 95-100% success rates when choosing to deceive and 100% deception choice in one setup even without prompting.
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Two AI Metrics Diverged: Will it Make All the Difference?
Bounded performance metrics always favor convergence of AI capabilities to meek models while unbounded metrics allow frontier models to maintain leads indefinitely, with policy implications for capability concentration.
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Discovering Crystal Structure Prediction Algorithms with an AI Co-Scientist
HACO adapts MaskGIT from vision into MaskGXT with symmetry tokens and stratified sampling, reaching 79.06% METRe accuracy on MP-20 polymorph split versus 70.87% for the best baseline.
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Chain of Thought Monitorability: A New and Fragile Opportunity for AI Safety
Chain-of-thought monitorability provides a promising but fragile method for AI safety oversight that developers should actively preserve.
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Humanity's Last Exam
Humanity's Last Exam is a new 2,500-question benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge where state-of-the-art LLMs show low accuracy.
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Position: Coding Benchmarks Are Misaligned with Agentic Software Engineering
Coding benchmarks misalign with agentic software engineering because they conflate model and harness, grade against single references, and provide no component-level iteration signals.
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AI for Auto-Research: Roadmap & User Guide
The paper delivers a stage-by-stage roadmap for AI in research, showing reliable assistance in retrieval and tool tasks but fragility in novelty and judgment, advocating human-governed collaboration.
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Risk Reporting for Developers' Internal AI Model Use
A harmonized risk reporting standard for internal frontier AI model use, structured around autonomous misbehavior and insider threats using means, motive, and opportunity factors.
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Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilities
Gemini 2.5 Pro and Flash models are presented as achieving frontier performance in reasoning, coding, and long-context multimodal tasks while spanning a cost-capability Pareto curve.