Field equation analysis near infinity in massive Hellings-Nordtvedt theory restricts the model to two single-coupling sectors; the A²R sector yields asymptotically flat Schwarzschild black holes with radial vector fields and neutron stars with measurable deviations from GR while satisfying weak-fiel
Black holes in vector-tensor theories and their thermodynamics
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abstract
In this paper, we study Einstein gravity either minimally or non-minimally coupled to a vector field which breaks the gauge symmetry explicitly in general dimensions. We first consider a minimal theory which is simply the Einstein-Proca theory extended with a quartic self-interaction term for the vector field. We obtain its general static maximally symmetric black hole solution and study the thermodynamics using Wald formalism. The aspects of the solution are much like a Reissner-Nordstr{\o}m black hole in spite of that a global charge cannot be defined for the vector. For non-minimal theories, we obtain a lot of exact black hole solutions, depending on the parameters of the theories. In particular, many of the solutions are general static and have maximal symmetry. However, there are some subtleties and ambiguities in the derivation of the first laws because the existence of an algebraic degree of freedom of the vector in general invalids the Wald entropy formula. The thermodynamics of these solutions deserves further studies.
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2026 4verdicts
UNVERDICTED 4representative citing papers
Killing-Yano tensors generate p-form stealth solutions in a bumblebee-type Proca theory with fine-tuned curvature terms on arbitrary backgrounds.
Spacetime symmetries generate stealth Proca vector fields on arbitrary backgrounds, enabling exact Proca-haired rotating black holes in all dimensions.
Black hole entropy in diffeomorphism-invariant nonminimal gravity decomposes as S_H = S_W + S_1 + ΔS, with the extra terms required for bumblebee and Weyl-vector Gauss-Bonnet solutions but not for regular Kalb-Ramond branches.
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Black holes and neutron stars in massive Hellings-Nordtvedt theory
Field equation analysis near infinity in massive Hellings-Nordtvedt theory restricts the model to two single-coupling sectors; the A²R sector yields asymptotically flat Schwarzschild black holes with radial vector fields and neutron stars with measurable deviations from GR while satisfying weak-fiel
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From (Hidden) Symmetries to Stealth Solutions
Killing-Yano tensors generate p-form stealth solutions in a bumblebee-type Proca theory with fine-tuned curvature terms on arbitrary backgrounds.
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Black Hole Entropy Beyond the Wald Term in Nonminimally Coupled Gravity: A Covariant Phase Space Decomposition
Black hole entropy in diffeomorphism-invariant nonminimal gravity decomposes as S_H = S_W + S_1 + ΔS, with the extra terms required for bumblebee and Weyl-vector Gauss-Bonnet solutions but not for regular Kalb-Ramond branches.