Mass-gap compact objects could be hybrid stars only with very early deconfinement and stiff quark matter; confirming 1.4 M⊙ twin stars would cap hybrid-star maximum mass below 2.2 M⊙.
Neutrino Emission from Neutron Stars
5 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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abstract
We review the main neutrino emission mechanisms in neutron star crusts and cores. Among them are the well-known reactions such as the electron-positron annihilation, plasmon decay, neutrino bremsstrahlung of electrons colliding with atomic nuclei in the crust, as well as the Urca processes and neutrino bremsstrahlung in nucleon-nucleon collisions in the core. We emphasize recent theoretical achievements, for instance, band structure effects in neutrino emission due to scattering of electrons in Coulomb crystals of atomic nuclei. We consider the standard composition of matter (neutrons, protons, electrons, muons, hyperons) in the core, and also the case of exotic constituents such as the pion or kaon condensates and quark matter. We discuss the reduction of the neutrino emissivities by nucleon superfluidity, as well as the specific neutrino emission produced by Cooper pairing of the superfluid particles. We also analyze the effects of strong magnetic fields on some reactions, such as the direct Urca process and the neutrino synchrotron emission of electrons. The results are presented in the form convenient for practical use. We illustrate the effects of various neutrino reactions on the cooling of neutron stars. In particular, the neutrino emission in the crust is critical in setting the initial thermal relaxation between the core and the crust. Finally, we discuss the prospects of exploring the properties of supernuclear matter by confronting cooling simulations with observations of the thermal radiation from isolated neutron stars.
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Neutron dark decays modify the equation of state and either mildly suppress or strongly enhance bulk viscosity in neutron star merger conditions, depending on the in-medium decay rate.
Varying neutron star core composition with hyperons and Delta resonances mildly affects the QCD axion mass limit from cooling, potentially bringing the DFSZ limit into the IAXO sensitivity window.
Derives bremsstrahlung production rates and T-dependent energy-loss scalings for leptophilic bosons in NS cores to enable coupling constraints from cooling data.
Neutrino light curves from neutron stars may show an enhanced peak-to-plateau ratio, a density-tracing delay, and transient spectral hardening as diagnostics of hadron-quark phase transitions on 10-50 ms timescales.
citing papers explorer
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Hybrid stars among mass gap objects are excluded by twin stars at $1.4\,M_\odot$
Mass-gap compact objects could be hybrid stars only with very early deconfinement and stiff quark matter; confirming 1.4 M⊙ twin stars would cap hybrid-star maximum mass below 2.2 M⊙.
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Bulk viscosity from neutron decays to dark baryons in neutron star matter
Neutron dark decays modify the equation of state and either mildly suppress or strongly enhance bulk viscosity in neutron star merger conditions, depending on the in-medium decay rate.
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Core Composition Effects on the QCD Axion Mass Limit from Neutron Star Cooling
Varying neutron star core composition with hyperons and Delta resonances mildly affects the QCD axion mass limit from cooling, potentially bringing the DFSZ limit into the IAXO sensitivity window.
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Production of Leptophilic Bosons in Ultradegenerate Relativistic Matter
Derives bremsstrahlung production rates and T-dependent energy-loss scalings for leptophilic bosons in NS cores to enable coupling constraints from cooling data.
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Neutrino diagnostics of hadron-quark phase transition in Neutron Stars
Neutrino light curves from neutron stars may show an enhanced peak-to-plateau ratio, a density-tracing delay, and transient spectral hardening as diagnostics of hadron-quark phase transitions on 10-50 ms timescales.