LQM-ContextRoute routes LLM tool calls via latency-quality matching in a contextual bandit, improving F1 by 2.18 pp, accuracy by up to 18 pp, and NDCG by 2.91-3.22 pp over SW-UCB on web-search, StrategyQA, and retriever benchmarks.
SCRIBE: Structured Mid-Level Supervision for Tool-Using Language Models
12 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
12
Pith papers citing it
abstract
Training reliable tool-augmented agents remains a significant challenge, largely due to the difficulty of credit assignment in multi-step reasoning. While process-level reward models offer a promising direction, existing LLM-based judges often produce noisy and inconsistent signals because they lack fine-grained, task-specific rubrics to distinguish high-level planning from low-level execution. In this work, we introduce SCRIBE (Skill-Conditioned Reward with Intermediate Behavioral Evaluation), a reinforcement learning framework that intervenes at a novel mid-level abstraction. SCRIBE grounds reward modeling in a curated library of skill prototypes, transforming open-ended LLM evaluation into a constrained verification problem. By routing each subgoal to a corresponding prototype, the reward model is equipped with precise, structured rubrics that substantially reduce reward variance. Experimental results show that SCRIBE achieves state-of-the-art performance across a range of reasoning and tool-use benchmarks. In particular, it improves the AIME25 accuracy of a Qwen3-4B model from 43.3% to 63.3%, and significantly increases success rates in complex multi-turn tool interactions. Further analysis of training dynamics reveals a co-evolution across abstraction levels, where mastery of mid-level skills consistently precedes the emergence of effective high-level planning behaviors. Finally, we demonstrate that SCRIBE is additive to low-level tool optimizations, providing a scalable and complementary pathway toward more autonomous and reliable tool-using agents.
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2026 12verdicts
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background 2representative citing papers
About 18.2% of structurally flagged skill pairs represent genuine compositional safety risks in agent skill registries, with exploitation gated by host model behavior.
TOPD improves on-policy distillation for LLM reasoning by using near-future guidance to identify divergent states, raising average accuracy from 47.8% to 52.2% on math benchmarks including AIME24 and AIME25.
Rock Tokens in on-policy distillation persist at high loss, account for up to 18% of outputs, absorb large gradient norms, but add negligible value to reasoning performance.
MUSE decouples reconstruction and semantic learning in visual tokenization via topological orthogonality, yielding SOTA generation quality and improved semantic performance over its teacher model.
MOSAIC combines frozen-LLM semantic embeddings with hierarchical consistency objectives to report up to 3.4% AUC gains on knowledge-tracing benchmarks including a new MOOC dataset.
MASCOT-Android curates Android malware source code specimens via a GitHub collection pipeline whose README-only LinearSVC classifier on character TF-IDF features reaches 96.28% accuracy and 1.06% FPR.
ActorMind is a four-agent chain-of-thought framework that emulates human actors to produce spontaneous, emotion-infused speech responses for role-playing scenarios.
A survey of credit assignment techniques in LLM reinforcement learning that distinguishes maturing methods for reasoning from new approaches needed for agentic settings and provides supporting resources.
RankVR introduces GSCP and ASVC modules to improve CIR robustness by decoupling clean samples via low-rank structure and dynamically scoring triplet value in noisy datasets.
IMAGINE uses adaptive schema-imagery via dynamic multimodal prototypes to incorporate implicit semantics into composed video retrieval, claiming SOTA results on CVR and CIR benchmarks.
Reinforcement learning is advanced for communication-efficient federated optimization and for preference-aligned, contextually safe policies in large language models.
citing papers explorer
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Latency-Quality Routing for Functionally Equivalent Tools in LLM Agents
LQM-ContextRoute routes LLM tool calls via latency-quality matching in a contextual bandit, improving F1 by 2.18 pp, accuracy by up to 18 pp, and NDCG by 2.91-3.22 pp over SW-UCB on web-search, StrategyQA, and retriever benchmarks.
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When Safe Skills Collide: Measuring Compositional Risk in Agent Skill Ecosystems
About 18.2% of structurally flagged skill pairs represent genuine compositional safety risks in agent skill registries, with exploitation gated by host model behavior.
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Bridging Reasoning Trajectories in On-Policy Distillation via Near-Future Guidance
TOPD improves on-policy distillation for LLM reasoning by using near-future guidance to identify divergent states, raising average accuracy from 47.8% to 52.2% on math benchmarks including AIME24 and AIME25.
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Cornerstones or Stumbling Blocks? Deciphering the Rock Tokens in On-Policy Distillation
Rock Tokens in on-policy distillation persist at high loss, account for up to 18% of outputs, absorb large gradient norms, but add negligible value to reasoning performance.
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MUSE: Resolving Manifold Misalignment in Visual Tokenization via Topological Orthogonality
MUSE decouples reconstruction and semantic learning in visual tokenization via topological orthogonality, yielding SOTA generation quality and improved semantic performance over its teacher model.
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MOSAIC: Orchestrating Collaborative Knowledge Tracing with Hierarchical Semantic Alignment
MOSAIC combines frozen-LLM semantic embeddings with hierarchical consistency objectives to report up to 3.4% AUC gains on knowledge-tracing benchmarks including a new MOOC dataset.
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MASCOT-Android: A Curated Dataset and Automated Collection Pipeline for Android Malware Source Code Specimens
MASCOT-Android curates Android malware source code specimens via a GitHub collection pipeline whose README-only LinearSVC classifier on character TF-IDF features reaches 96.28% accuracy and 1.06% FPR.
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ActorMind: Emulating Human Actor Reasoning for Speech Role-Playing
ActorMind is a four-agent chain-of-thought framework that emulates human actors to produce spontaneous, emotion-infused speech responses for role-playing scenarios.
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From Reasoning to Agentic: Credit Assignment in Reinforcement Learning for Large Language Models
A survey of credit assignment techniques in LLM reinforcement learning that distinguishes maturing methods for reasoning from new approaches needed for agentic settings and provides supporting resources.
-
RankVR: Low-Rank Structure Perception and Value Recalibration for Robust Composed Image Retrieval
RankVR introduces GSCP and ASVC modules to improve CIR robustness by decoupling clean samples via low-rank structure and dynamically scoring triplet value in noisy datasets.
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IMAGINE: Adaptive Schema-Imagery Enhanced Composition for Composed Video Retrieval
IMAGINE uses adaptive schema-imagery via dynamic multimodal prototypes to incorporate implicit semantics into composed video retrieval, claiming SOTA results on CVR and CIR benchmarks.
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Reinforcement Learning for Scalable and Trustworthy Intelligent Systems
Reinforcement learning is advanced for communication-efficient federated optimization and for preference-aligned, contextually safe policies in large language models.