MoLA infers a mixture of latent actions from generated future videos via modality-aware inverse dynamics models to improve robot manipulation policies.
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Video Generators are Robot Policies
Canonical reference. 83% of citing Pith papers cite this work as background.
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abstract
Despite tremendous progress in dexterous manipulation, current visuomotor policies remain fundamentally limited by two challenges: they struggle to generalize under perceptual or behavioral distribution shifts, and their performance is constrained by the size of human demonstration data. In this paper, we use video generation as a proxy for robot policy learning to address both limitations simultaneously. We propose Video Policy, a modular framework that combines video and action generation that can be trained end-to-end. Our results demonstrate that learning to generate videos of robot behavior allows for the extraction of policies with minimal demonstration data, significantly improving robustness and sample efficiency. Our method shows strong generalization to unseen objects, backgrounds, and tasks, both in simulation and the real world. We further highlight that task success is closely tied to the generated video, with action-free video data providing critical benefits for generalizing to novel tasks. By leveraging large-scale video generative models, we achieve superior performance compared to traditional behavior cloning, paving the way for more scalable and data-efficient robot policy learning.
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UNVERDICTED 21representative citing papers
EA-WM generates more accurate robot world rollouts by projecting actions as structured visual fields in camera space and using event-aware bidirectional fusion to better capture interaction dynamics.
Being-H0.7 adds future-aware latent reasoning to direct VLA policies via dual-branch alignment on latent queries, matching world-model benefits at VLA efficiency.
π₀.₇ is a steerable generalist robotic model that uses rich multimodal prompts including language, subgoal images, and performance metadata to achieve out-of-the-box generalization across tasks and robot bodies.
ViVa turns a video generator into a value model for robot RL that jointly forecasts future states and task value, yielding better performance on real-world box assembly when integrated with RECAP.
Action Images turn robot arm motions into interpretable multiview pixel videos, letting video backbones serve as zero-shot policies for end-to-end robot learning.
PlayWorld learns high-fidelity robot world models from unsupervised self-play, producing physically consistent video predictions that outperform models trained on human data and enabling 65% better real-world policy performance via model-based RL.
PhysGen uses video models to learn physics for robots, outperforming baselines by up to 13.8% on Libero and matching specialized models in real-world tasks.
UAM adds a Dorsal Expert initialized from a generative model and trained on visual dynamics prediction to preserve over 95% of VLM multimodal ability in VLA training while achieving top success rates on manipulation tasks including OOD cases.
A verifier called Future Forward Dynamics Causal Attention enables adaptive action execution in World Action Models, reducing model inferences by 69% and improving success rates in robotic tasks.
Sim-and-real co-training for robot policies is driven primarily by balanced cross-domain representation alignment and secondarily by domain-dependent action reweighting.
Vision-geometry backbones using pretrained 3D world models outperform vision-language and video models for robotic manipulation by enabling direct mapping from visual input to geometric actions.
AIM predicts aligned spatial value maps inside a shared video-generation transformer to produce reliable robot actions, reaching 94% success on RoboTwin 2.0 with larger gains on long-horizon and contact-rich tasks.
Veo-3 video predictions enable approximate task-level robot trajectories in zero-shot settings but require hierarchical integration with low-level VLA policies for reliable manipulation performance.
Fast-WAM shows that explicit future imagination at test time is not required for strong WAM performance; video modeling during training provides the main benefit.
DreamZero uses a 14B video diffusion model as a World Action Model to achieve over 2x better zero-shot generalization on real robots than state-of-the-art VLAs, real-time 7Hz closed-loop control, and cross-embodiment transfer with 10-30 minutes of data.
mimic-video combines internet video pretraining with a flow-matching decoder to achieve state-of-the-art robotic manipulation performance with 10x better sample efficiency than vision-language-action models.
SWEET is a one-shot sparse visual planning framework that progressively generates manipulation keyframes via image editing conditioned on language and spatial guidance, then converts them to actions with a diffusion predictor, showing better fidelity and lower cost than video models on DROID and Rob
Action-state consistency in World Action Models distinguishes successful from failed imagined futures and supports value-free selection of better rollouts via consensus among predictions.
The paper introduces World Action Models as a new paradigm unifying predictive world modeling with action generation in embodied foundation models and provides a taxonomy of existing approaches.
A comprehensive survey that organizes the literature on world models in robot learning, their roles in policy learning, planning, simulation, and video-based generation, with connections to navigation, driving, datasets, and benchmarks.
citing papers explorer
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From Imagined Futures to Executable Actions: Mixture of Latent Actions for Robot Manipulation
MoLA infers a mixture of latent actions from generated future videos via modality-aware inverse dynamics models to improve robot manipulation policies.
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Being-H0.7: A Latent World-Action Model from Egocentric Videos
Being-H0.7 adds future-aware latent reasoning to direct VLA policies via dual-branch alignment on latent queries, matching world-model benefits at VLA efficiency.
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ViVa: A Video-Generative Value Model for Robot Reinforcement Learning
ViVa turns a video generator into a value model for robot RL that jointly forecasts future states and task value, yielding better performance on real-world box assembly when integrated with RECAP.
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PlayWorld: Learning Robot World Models from Autonomous Play
PlayWorld learns high-fidelity robot world models from unsupervised self-play, producing physically consistent video predictions that outperform models trained on human data and enabling 65% better real-world policy performance via model-based RL.
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Learning Physics from Pretrained Video Models: A Multimodal Continuous and Sequential World Interaction Models for Robotic Manipulation
PhysGen uses video models to learn physics for robots, outperforming baselines by up to 13.8% on Libero and matching specialized models in real-world tasks.
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When to Trust Imagination: Adaptive Action Execution for World Action Models
A verifier called Future Forward Dynamics Causal Attention enables adaptive action execution in World Action Models, reducing model inferences by 69% and improving success rates in robotic tasks.
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A Mechanistic Analysis of Sim-and-Real Co-Training in Generative Robot Policies
Sim-and-real co-training for robot policies is driven primarily by balanced cross-domain representation alignment and secondarily by domain-dependent action reweighting.
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Robotic Manipulation is Vision-to-Geometry Mapping ($f(v) \rightarrow G$): Vision-Geometry Backbones over Language and Video Models
Vision-geometry backbones using pretrained 3D world models outperform vision-language and video models for robotic manipulation by enabling direct mapping from visual input to geometric actions.
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AIM: Intent-Aware Unified world action Modeling with Spatial Value Maps
AIM predicts aligned spatial value maps inside a shared video-generation transformer to produce reliable robot actions, reaching 94% success on RoboTwin 2.0 with larger gains on long-horizon and contact-rich tasks.
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Veo-Act: How Far Can Frontier Video Models Advance Generalizable Robot Manipulation?
Veo-3 video predictions enable approximate task-level robot trajectories in zero-shot settings but require hierarchical integration with low-level VLA policies for reliable manipulation performance.
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World Action Models are Zero-shot Policies
DreamZero uses a 14B video diffusion model as a World Action Model to achieve over 2x better zero-shot generalization on real robots than state-of-the-art VLAs, real-time 7Hz closed-loop control, and cross-embodiment transfer with 10-30 minutes of data.
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mimic-video: Video-Action Models for Generalizable Robot Control Beyond VLAs
mimic-video combines internet video pretraining with a flow-matching decoder to achieve state-of-the-art robotic manipulation performance with 10x better sample efficiency than vision-language-action models.
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Is the Future Compatible? Diagnosing Dynamic Consistency in World Action Models
Action-state consistency in World Action Models distinguishes successful from failed imagined futures and supports value-free selection of better rollouts via consensus among predictions.
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World Action Models: The Next Frontier in Embodied AI
The paper introduces World Action Models as a new paradigm unifying predictive world modeling with action generation in embodied foundation models and provides a taxonomy of existing approaches.
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World Model for Robot Learning: A Comprehensive Survey
A comprehensive survey that organizes the literature on world models in robot learning, their roles in policy learning, planning, simulation, and video-based generation, with connections to navigation, driving, datasets, and benchmarks.