First measurement of the nuclear modification factor R_AA in OO collisions at 5.36 TeV shows suppression with a minimum of 0.69 at p_T around 6 GeV, favoring models with parton energy loss.
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The Physics of Ultraperipheral Collisions at the LHC
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abstract
We discuss the physics of large impact parameter interactions at the LHC: ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs). The dominant processes in UPCs are photon-nucleon (nucleus) interactions. The current LHC detector configurations can explore small $x$ hard phenomena with nuclei and nucleons at photon-nucleon center-of-mass energies above 1 TeV, extending the $x$ range of HERA by a factor of ten. In particular, it will be possible to probe diffractive and inclusive parton densities in nuclei using several processes. The interaction of small dipoles with protons and nuclei can be investigated in elastic and quasi-elastic $J/\psi$ and $\Upsilon$ production as well as in high $t$ $\rho^0$ production accompanied by a rapidity gap. Several of these phenomena provide clean signatures of the onset of the new high gluon density QCD regime. The LHC is in the kinematic range where nonlinear effects are several times larger than at HERA. Two-photon processes in UPCs are also studied. In addition, while UPCs play a role in limiting the maximum beam luminosity, they can also be used a luminosity monitor by measuring mutual electromagnetic dissociation of the beam nuclei. We also review similar studies at HERA and RHIC as well as describe the potential use of the LHC detectors for UPC measurements.
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representative citing papers
First differential cross-sections for γγ→ττ in Pb+Pb collisions yield 95% CL intervals -0.057 < a_τ < 0.035 and |d_τ| < 2.7×10^{-16} e cm.
Hadrons from ion electromagnetic dissociation break exclusivity conditions in ultraperipheral collisions, resolving tensions in exclusive muon-pair and coherent J/ψ measurements at the LHC.
SCET with Glauber operators factorizes elastic/single/double diffractive pp scattering, proving non-universality of hadronic functions versus ep while rapidity anomalous dimensions remain universal.
All-order resummation of soft gluons for transverse energy-energy correlators in diffractive dijet production demonstrates sensitivity of acoplanarity to diffractive TMDs.
Limits on axion-like particles from photon-coupling searches are recast as constraints on massive graviton-like particles across lab, astrophysical, and cosmological experiments using analogous Primakoff and Gertsenshtein conversion mechanisms.
Simulated spin-interference patterns in ρ(1450)→4π decays give a distinct azimuthal modulation for the π(1300)π channel, allowing its branching fraction to be extracted.
ATLAS reports differential cross sections for coherent exclusive J/ψ → μ⁺μ⁻ in Pb+Pb ultraperipheral collisions at √s_NN=5.36 TeV, agreeing with models but in tension with prior Run 2 data at central rapidity.
Proposes that the relative polarization of tau+ and tau- decay products in UPCs, aligned to the magnetic field, provides a sensitive probe for CP violation.
Extends the full impact-parameter Balitsky-Kovchegov equation to nuclei and supplies saturation-sensitive predictions for DIS and vector-meson production, including a tetrahedral oxygen model.
Color dipole calculations of the ratio of exclusive vector meson to inclusive jet/hadron photoproduction cross sections in UPC pA and AA collisions at LHC Run 4, including the double ratio R_UPC proposed for saturation studies.
LHC diphoton data exclude magnetic monopoles and multiply charged particles with masses up to tens of TeV across various spins and charges.
Computes production cross sections and sensitivity limits for heavy ALPs in light-by-light scattering at FCC-hh across pp, pPb, and PbPb modes.
Obtains 95% CL exclusion and 3σ/5σ sensitivity limits on a_τ and d_τ from PbPb collisions at FCC-hh with comparisons to other future colliders.
Improved tensor-pomeron model for π⁺π⁻ photoproduction and central exclusive production in pp collisions that accounts for different subenergies in the Drell-Söding contribution and yields larger cross sections with more skewed ρ⁰ lineshape.
A review summarizing experimental evidence, theoretical models of nuclear shadowing, model-agnostic nuclear PDF extractions, and prospects for LHC and EIC studies.
citing papers explorer
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Observation of suppressed charged-particle production in ultrarelativistic oxygen-oxygen collisions
First measurement of the nuclear modification factor R_AA in OO collisions at 5.36 TeV shows suppression with a minimum of 0.69 at p_T around 6 GeV, favoring models with parton energy loss.
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Differential measurements of $\gamma\gamma\to\tau\tau$ and constraints on $\tau$-lepton electromagnetic moments in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_\text{NN}}} = 5.02$ TeV with ATLAS
First differential cross-sections for γγ→ττ in Pb+Pb collisions yield 95% CL intervals -0.057 < a_τ < 0.035 and |d_τ| < 2.7×10^{-16} e cm.
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A First Account of the Impact of Ion Electromagnetic Dissociation on Event Exclusivity in Ultraperipheral LHC Collisions
Hadrons from ion electromagnetic dissociation break exclusivity conditions in ultraperipheral collisions, resolving tensions in exclusive muon-pair and coherent J/ψ measurements at the LHC.
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Factorization of elastic, single, and double diffractive $pp$ scattering
SCET with Glauber operators factorizes elastic/single/double diffractive pp scattering, proving non-universality of hadronic functions versus ep while rapidity anomalous dimensions remain universal.
-
Azimuthal decorrelation in diffractive dijet production
All-order resummation of soft gluons for transverse energy-energy correlators in diffractive dijet production demonstrates sensitivity of acoplanarity to diffractive TMDs.
-
Bounds on massive graviton-like particles from searches for axion-like particles coupling to photons
Limits on axion-like particles from photon-coupling searches are recast as constraints on massive graviton-like particles across lab, astrophysical, and cosmological experiments using analogous Primakoff and Gertsenshtein conversion mechanisms.
-
Probing Quantum Numbers and Decay Branching Ratios of Exotic States via Entanglement-Enabled Spin Interference
Simulated spin-interference patterns in ρ(1450)→4π decays give a distinct azimuthal modulation for the π(1300)π channel, allowing its branching fraction to be extracted.
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Measurement of coherent exclusive $J/\psi\to\mu^+\mu^-$ production in ultraperipheral Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}}=5.36$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
ATLAS reports differential cross sections for coherent exclusive J/ψ → μ⁺μ⁻ in Pb+Pb ultraperipheral collisions at √s_NN=5.36 TeV, agreeing with models but in tension with prior Run 2 data at central rapidity.
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Polarized tau decay and CP violation in ultraperipheral heavy-ion collisions
Proposes that the relative polarization of tau+ and tau- decay products in UPCs, aligned to the magnetic field, provides a sensitive probe for CP violation.
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Probing nuclear structure with the Balitsky-Kovchegov equation in full impact-parameter dependence
Extends the full impact-parameter Balitsky-Kovchegov equation to nuclei and supplies saturation-sensitive predictions for DIS and vector-meson production, including a tetrahedral oxygen model.
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Evaluating the ratio of the exclusive vector meson photoproduction to inclusive hadron/jet production cross section in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions
Color dipole calculations of the ratio of exclusive vector meson to inclusive jet/hadron photoproduction cross sections in UPC pA and AA collisions at LHC Run 4, including the double ratio R_UPC proposed for saturation studies.
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Constraining magnetic monopoles and multiply charged particles with diphoton events at the LHC
LHC diphoton data exclude magnetic monopoles and multiply charged particles with masses up to tens of TeV across various spins and charges.
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A search for heavy axion-like particles in light-by-light scattering at the FCC-hh
Computes production cross sections and sensitivity limits for heavy ALPs in light-by-light scattering at FCC-hh across pp, pPb, and PbPb modes.
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Probing electromagnetic moments of the tau lepton in PbPb collisions at the FCC-hh
Obtains 95% CL exclusion and 3σ/5σ sensitivity limits on a_τ and d_τ from PbPb collisions at FCC-hh with comparisons to other future colliders.
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Production of $\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ pairs in diffractive photon-proton and in proton-proton collisions revisited, in particular concerning the Drell-S\"oding contribution
Improved tensor-pomeron model for π⁺π⁻ photoproduction and central exclusive production in pp collisions that accounts for different subenergies in the Drell-Söding contribution and yields larger cross sections with more skewed ρ⁰ lineshape.
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Nuclear parton distributions and nuclear shadowing
A review summarizing experimental evidence, theoretical models of nuclear shadowing, model-agnostic nuclear PDF extractions, and prospects for LHC and EIC studies.
- Nuclear structure and saturation effects from diffractive vector meson production