Standard non-thermal leptogenesis works at arbitrarily low reheating temperatures above the BBN bound when the inflaton potential has a quartic minimum (k≥4), because the inflaton's evolving mass kinematically shuts off RHN production early.
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Precision big bang nucleosynthesis with improved Helium-4 predictions
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abstract
Primordial nucleosynthesis is one of the three historical evidences for the big bang model, together with the expansion of the universe and the cosmic microwave background. Now that the number of neutrino families and the baryonic densities have been fixed by laboratory measurements or CMB observations, the model has no free parameter and its predictions are rigid. Departure from its predictions could provide hints or constraints on new physics or astrophysics in the early universe. Precision on primordial abundances deduced from observations have recently been drastically improved and reach the percent level for both deuterium and helium-4. Accordingly, the BBN predictions should reach the same level of precision. For most isotopes, the dominant sources of uncertainty come from those on the laboratory thermonuclear reactions. This article focuses on helium-4 whose predicted primordial abundance depends essentially on weak interactions which control the neutron-proton ratio. The rates of the various weak interaction processes depend on the experimentally measured neutron lifetime, but also includes numerous corrections that we thoroughly investigate here. They are the radiative, zero-temperature, corrections, finite nucleon mass corrections, finite temperature radiative corrections, weak-magnetism, and QED plasma effects, which are for the first time all included and calculated in a self consistent way, allowing to take into account the correlations between them, and verifying that all satisfy detailed balance. The helium-4 predicted mass fraction is $0.24709\pm0.00017$. In addition, we provide a Mathematica code (PRIMAT) that incorporates, not only these corrections but also a full network of reactions, using the best available thermonuclear reaction rates, allowing the predictions of primordial abundances up to the CNO region.
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representative citing papers
Galaxy pairwise peculiar velocities from Cosmicflows-4 yield M_ν = 0.24^{+0.34}_{-0.18} eV and η² = 2.14^{+0.30}_{-0.32} (7σ non-zero asymmetry) in the CMB framework, consistent with prior Planck results.
CF4 data yield a 3.3σ excess dipole in the local expansion-rate fluctuation field at (l,b)=(290°,-4°)±5°, sourced mainly by z∈[0.03,0.05], with quadrupole/octupole consistent with ΛCDM and no multipole-vector alignments.
Gaussian process regression on nuclear data predicts 10^5 D/H = 2.442 ± 0.040, 1.70 sigma below observation and consistent with first-principles calculations.
Conventional BBN fitting for negative Delta N_eff is unphysical; a consistent treatment via entropy dilution after neutrino decoupling yields significantly different bounds.
Tensor perturbations from FOPT and domain-wall sources are claimed to induce second-order scalar perturbations large enough to form primordial black holes, potentially all of the dark matter.
A sequential majoron-to-neutrinos decay followed by axion-like particle-to-photons decay can lower primordial lithium without exceeding deuterium limits.
Constraints on temperature-dependent CPT-violating electron-positron mass asymmetry b0(T) = α T² from BBN abundances of 4He, D, and Neff give α ≳ 10^{-6} GeV^{-1} for keV-scale effects at BBN.
Updated model-independent BBN and CMB bounds on photophilic ALPs that incorporate rare decays to light hadrons, show extended constraints for multiple reheating temperatures, and flag parameter space that may alleviate tensions in N_eff and deuterium abundance.
DESI DR2 BAO and full-shape data plus CMB yield ∑m_ν < 0.0642 eV (95% CL) under ΛCDM, in 3σ tension with oscillation lower limits, relaxed to <0.163 eV in w0waCDM.
Final Planck CMB data confirms the flat 6-parameter ΛCDM model with Ω_c h² = 0.120 ± 0.001, Ω_b h² = 0.0224 ± 0.0001, n_s = 0.965 ± 0.004, τ = 0.054 ± 0.007, H_0 = 67.4 ± 0.5 km/s/Mpc, and no strong evidence for extensions.
Updated exclusion contours on lifetime, mass and abundance of decaying BSM relics from refined BBN modeling of hadronic and electromagnetic injections across multiple two-body channels.
Extending a BBN code yields constraints Δα/α = 2 ± 51 ppm (mass variation) and 2 ± 22 ppm (G variation) at 68% CL, showing these models do not solve the lithium problem.
Interacting k-essence dark energy and non-pressureless dark matter models with two interaction forms are shown to reproduce major cosmological epochs and fit observations comparably to LambdaCDM while admitting late-time de Sitter attractors.
Updated bounds on constant and redshift-dependent neutrino degeneracy parameters are derived from Planck+SPT+ACT CMB, DESI BAO, and BBN data, with a reported 95% CL preference for non-zero positive ξ_νe at BBN in the non-degenerate scenario.
Pure early or late fixes to the Hubble tension are tightly constrained; remaining options are combined early-late interacting dark energy or new physics at the local-to-homogeneous transition.
citing papers explorer
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Leptogenesis and Low Reheating Temperatures
Standard non-thermal leptogenesis works at arbitrarily low reheating temperatures above the BBN bound when the inflaton potential has a quartic minimum (k≥4), because the inflaton's evolving mass kinematically shuts off RHN production early.
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Measuring neutrino mass and asymmetry through galaxy pairwise peculiar velocity
Galaxy pairwise peculiar velocities from Cosmicflows-4 yield M_ν = 0.24^{+0.34}_{-0.18} eV and η² = 2.14^{+0.30}_{-0.32} (7σ non-zero asymmetry) in the CMB framework, consistent with prior Planck results.
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Multipolar structure of the local expansion rate from incomplete sky data
CF4 data yield a 3.3σ excess dipole in the local expansion-rate fluctuation field at (l,b)=(290°,-4°)±5°, sourced mainly by z∈[0.03,0.05], with quadrupole/octupole consistent with ΛCDM and no multipole-vector alignments.
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A data-driven prediction for the primordial deuterium abundance
Gaussian process regression on nuclear data predicts 10^5 D/H = 2.442 ± 0.040, 1.70 sigma below observation and consistent with first-principles calculations.
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Consistent $N_{\rm eff}$ fitting in big bang nucleosynthesis analysis
Conventional BBN fitting for negative Delta N_eff is unphysical; a consistent treatment via entropy dilution after neutrino decoupling yields significantly different bounds.
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Primordial Black Hole from Tensor-induced Density Fluctuation: First-order Phase Transitions and Domain Walls
Tensor perturbations from FOPT and domain-wall sources are claimed to induce second-order scalar perturbations large enough to form primordial black holes, potentially all of the dark matter.
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Bipartite Solution to the Lithium Problem
A sequential majoron-to-neutrinos decay followed by axion-like particle-to-photons decay can lower primordial lithium without exceeding deuterium limits.
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Temperature-Dependent CPT Violation: Constraints from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
Constraints on temperature-dependent CPT-violating electron-positron mass asymmetry b0(T) = α T² from BBN abundances of 4He, D, and Neff give α ≳ 10^{-6} GeV^{-1} for keV-scale effects at BBN.
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Nucleosynthesis and CMB bounds on photophilic ALPs: a fresh look
Updated model-independent BBN and CMB bounds on photophilic ALPs that incorporate rare decays to light hadrons, show extended constraints for multiple reheating temperatures, and flag parameter space that may alleviate tensions in N_eff and deuterium abundance.
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Constraints on Neutrino Physics from DESI DR2 BAO and DR1 Full Shape
DESI DR2 BAO and full-shape data plus CMB yield ∑m_ν < 0.0642 eV (95% CL) under ΛCDM, in 3σ tension with oscillation lower limits, relaxed to <0.163 eV in w0waCDM.
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Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters
Final Planck CMB data confirms the flat 6-parameter ΛCDM model with Ω_c h² = 0.120 ± 0.001, Ω_b h² = 0.0224 ± 0.0001, n_s = 0.965 ± 0.004, τ = 0.054 ± 0.007, H_0 = 67.4 ± 0.5 km/s/Mpc, and no strong evidence for extensions.
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Improved Big Bang Nucleosynthesis constraints on decaying massive relics
Updated exclusion contours on lifetime, mass and abundance of decaying BSM relics from refined BBN modeling of hadronic and electromagnetic injections across multiple two-body channels.
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Probing Unification Scenarios with Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
Extending a BBN code yields constraints Δα/α = 2 ± 51 ppm (mass variation) and 2 ± 22 ppm (G variation) at 68% CL, showing these models do not solve the lithium problem.
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Interacting $k$-essence field with non-pressureless Dark Matter: Cosmological Dynamics and Observational Constraints
Interacting k-essence dark energy and non-pressureless dark matter models with two interaction forms are shown to reproduce major cosmological epochs and fit observations comparably to LambdaCDM while admitting late-time de Sitter attractors.
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Probing the neutrino chemical potential with cosmological observations
Updated bounds on constant and redshift-dependent neutrino degeneracy parameters are derived from Planck+SPT+ACT CMB, DESI BAO, and BBN data, with a reported 95% CL preference for non-zero positive ξ_νe at BBN in the non-degenerate scenario.
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The Hubble tension: A decade review
Pure early or late fixes to the Hubble tension are tightly constrained; remaining options are combined early-late interacting dark energy or new physics at the local-to-homogeneous transition.