Native-resolution retrievals on 0.97-5.27 micron JWST spectra of VHS 1256 b find a ~79% cloud deck, solar-like metallicity and C/O, and depleted 18O in a partially cloudy disequilibrium atmosphere.
Precipitating Condensation Clouds in Substellar Atmospheres
3 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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abstract
We present a method to calculate vertical profiles of particle size distributions in condensation clouds of giant planets and brown dwarfs. The method assumes a balance between turbulent diffusion and sedimentation in horizontally uniform cloud decks. Calculations for the Jovian ammonia cloud are compared with results from previous methods. An adjustable parameter describing the efficiency of sedimentation allows the new model to span the range of predictions made by previous models. Calculations for the Jovian ammonia cloud are consistent with observations. Example calculations are provided for water, silicate, and iron clouds on brown dwarfs and on a cool extrasolar giant planet. We find that precipitating cloud decks naturally account for the characteristic trends seen in the spectra and colors of L- and T-type ultracool dwarfs.
years
2026 3representative citing papers
GRAVITY+ observations yield a 12CO/13CO ratio of 91^{+24}_{-17} in β Pictoris b consistent with solar/ISM values and a tentative 1.4% atmospheric variability amplitude.
SPHEREx spectra of 37 field brown dwarfs show atmospheric models struggle with J/H/K peaks and 4um window especially at L/T transition, with data preferring weak-mixing Elf Owl models.
citing papers explorer
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Native-resolution retrievals of VHS 1256-1257 b spanning the JWST/NIRSpec wavelength range: Chemical composition of a partially cloudy atmosphere
Native-resolution retrievals on 0.97-5.27 micron JWST spectra of VHS 1256 b find a ~79% cloud deck, solar-like metallicity and C/O, and depleted 18O in a partially cloudy disequilibrium atmosphere.
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$^{13}$CO and potential variability in $\beta$ Pictoris b with GRAVITY+
GRAVITY+ observations yield a 12CO/13CO ratio of 91^{+24}_{-17} in β Pictoris b consistent with solar/ISM values and a tentative 1.4% atmospheric variability amplitude.
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SPHEREx 0.75 to 5 $\mu$m Spectra for a Sequence of Nearby Brown Dwarfs
SPHEREx spectra of 37 field brown dwarfs show atmospheric models struggle with J/H/K peaks and 4um window especially at L/T transition, with data preferring weak-mixing Elf Owl models.