The emergence of the cosmological arrow of time is identified with a confinement-deconfinement transition in a Z2 lattice gauge theory on LQG spin networks, with the deconfined phase corresponding to a CZX-type SPT phase.
Bulk Entanglement Gravity without a Boundary: Towards Finding Einstein's Equation in Hilbert Space
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abstract
We consider the emergence from quantum entanglement of spacetime geometry in a bulk region. For certain classes of quantum states in an appropriately factorized Hilbert space, a spatial geometry can be defined by associating areas along codimension-one surfaces with the entanglement entropy between either side. We show how Radon transforms can be used to convert this data into a spatial metric. Under a particular set of assumptions, the time evolution of such a state traces out a four-dimensional spacetime geometry, and we argue using a modified version of Jacobson's "entanglement equilibrium" that the geometry should obey Einstein's equation in the weak-field limit. We also discuss how entanglement equilibrium is related to a generalization of the Ryu-Takayanagi formula in more general settings, and how quantum error correction can help specify the emergence map between the full quantum-gravity Hilbert space and the semiclassical limit of quantum fields propagating on a classical spacetime.
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2026 3verdicts
UNVERDICTED 3representative citing papers
Any Hamiltonian can be recast via Fock basis change as a local 1D lattice theory whose dispersion relation and non-integrability depend on its spectrum.
A finite-dimensional quantum model with commensurable energy eigenvalues and minimum-entropy initial condition yields exact periodicity and a distinguished entropy minimum that may represent the Big Bang while suppressing Boltzmann Brains.
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Gauging Time Reversal Symmetry in Quantum Gravity: Arrow of Time from a Confinement--Deconfinement Transition
The emergence of the cosmological arrow of time is identified with a confinement-deconfinement transition in a Z2 lattice gauge theory on LQG spin networks, with the deconfined phase corresponding to a CZX-type SPT phase.
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Wave packets from the spectrum
Any Hamiltonian can be recast via Fock basis change as a local 1D lattice theory whose dispersion relation and non-integrability depend on its spectrum.
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Toward a Phenomenologically Acceptable Quantum Cyclic Universe
A finite-dimensional quantum model with commensurable energy eigenvalues and minimum-entropy initial condition yields exact periodicity and a distinguished entropy minimum that may represent the Big Bang while suppressing Boltzmann Brains.