Direct imaging discovery of β Pictoris d, a ~2.4 M_Jup planet at ~26 au with CO2-rich atmosphere, detected in multi-epoch VLT and JWST observations and consistent with bound orbital motion.
Atmospheric composition, spin rotation, and radial velocity
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GRAVITY+ observations yield a 12CO/13CO ratio of 91^{+24}_{-17} in β Pictoris b consistent with solar/ISM values and a tentative 1.4% atmospheric variability amplitude.
High-resolution M-band spectroscopy detects super-stellar SiO in TWA 5 B, implying no significant magnesium-silicate clouds and formation consistent with core accretion beyond the CO snowline or gravitational instability with solid enrichment.
High-resolution dayside spectroscopy detects H2O at 2.6σ and CO at 2.3σ in CoRoT-2b, yielding supersolar C/O ratio of 0.91 and subsolar metallicity.
Uranus and Neptune are reinterpreted as magma-ocean giants with hydrogen-rich interiors rather than traditional ice giants, consistent with observations via three fit parameters each.
Atmospheric retrievals on CRIRES+ spectra of 2MASS J0249-0557 c and two eta Pic YMG brown dwarfs give solar-like C/O, metallicity, and carbon isotope ratios, supporting gravitational collapse formation for the companion.
Retrievals on six isolated brown dwarfs yield near-solar C/O (0.51-0.63), metallicities, and 12C/13C ratios (91-155) supporting molecular cloud fragmentation origin.
No exomoon signal detected in radial velocity data of β Pictoris b; upper limits reach 80 Earth masses at 1-day periods and 1 Jupiter mass at 200-day periods.
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