Replica wormhole geometries justify the replica trick computation of the Page curve in holographic black hole models and support entanglement wedge reconstruction via the Petz map.
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The information paradox: A pedagogical introduction
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The black hole information paradox is a very poorly understood problem. It is often believed that Hawking's argument is not precisely formulated, and a more careful accounting of naturally occurring quantum corrections will allow the radiation process to become unitary. We show that such is not the case, by proving that small corrections to the leading order Hawking computation cannot remove the entanglement between the radiation and the hole. We formulate Hawking's argument as a `theorem': assuming `traditional' physics at the horizon and usual assumptions of locality we will be forced into mixed states or remnants. We also argue that one cannot explain away the problem by invoking AdS/CFT duality. We conclude with recent results on the quantum physics of black holes which show the the interior of black holes have a `fuzzball' structure. This nontrivial structure of microstates resolves the information paradox, and gives a qualitative picture of how classical intuition can break down in black hole physics.
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Hawking radiation entropy follows the Page curve when quantum extremal surfaces are identified with RT/HRT surfaces in a higher-dimensional holographic dual, making the black hole interior part of the radiation's entanglement wedge.
Stable neutron-star configurations denser than black holes exist in quasi-topological gravity and may produce detectable gravitational-wave echoes.
Subregion duality fails in AdS/CFT at leading large N, leading to the proposal of subregion complementarity allowing different CFT operators to describe one bulk subregion.
A survey of physicists finds that claimed consensus positions on foundational topics often rest on pluralities or narrow majorities rather than strong field-wide agreement.
A random-walk-sized fuzzball of BPS superstrings in supergravity is proposed to describe generic BPS microstates instead of a singular black hole.
A spherically symmetric charged black hole evaporating via Hawking radiation can remain regular, with neither a singularity nor a Cauchy horizon, due to electromagnetic repulsion and energy-condition violation.
Hillingar black holes thermodynamically mimic ordinary black holes of mass M, sharing temperature and entropy under thermal equilibrium.
The vecro hypothesis introduces a lattice model of the gravitational vacuum whose extended correlations nucleate fuzzballs that destroy semiclassical spacetime near trapped surfaces.
Modular quantization of a single holographic CFT reproduces exact Hartle-Hawking correlators of smooth BTZ black holes in the semiclassical limit while yielding non-smooth stretched-horizon descriptions at finite GN.
Reinterprets the brick-wall model as an effective description of finite-N departures from the semiclassical near-horizon continuum in AdS/CFT, producing residual reflections and model-dependent echoes.
Near an Exotic Compact Object surface, vacuum Einstein equations yield chaotic oscillations with walls becoming cliffs, driving runaway squeezing that continues to fuzzball monopoles in string theory.
When topology sums generate nontrivial baby-universe sectors, the holography of information refines to an alpha-sectorwise statement, making the absence of firewalls conditional on global sector data rather than local geometry alone.
Finite cutoff in JT gravity causes faster ERB-length saturation, deformation-dependent baby-universe emission only under Lorentzian evolution, and possible one-cut universality corrections in the matrix dual.
Hawking radiation terminates around the scrambling time due to trans-Planckian stringy effects in GUP and string-field-theory-inspired toy models, yielding negligible evaporation and a mostly classical black hole.
Noncommutative spacetime shifts the collapsing shell proportionally to outgoing Hawking mode momentum, invalidating standard robustness arguments and causing radiation to decay exponentially after scrambling for exponentially long black hole evaporation.
Semiclassical entanglement entropy in driven 2D CFT states exhibits dynamical phase imprints; the holographic backreacted minimal area matches the CFT result at O(c^0) and verifies the FLM conjecture.
Modeling black hole absorption as discrete recursion yields area-law entropy with logarithmic corrections whose coefficients depend on spacetime dimension and charge for Schwarzschild and Reissner-Nordström cases.
Treating the cosmological constant as pressure in black hole thermodynamics yields an extended dictionary with enthalpy, thermodynamic volume, and chemical-like phase transitions including Van der Waals behavior, reentrant transitions, and triple points.
An Albert algebra description of the horizon yields a Volterra memory law on the Reissner-Nordstrom evaporation trajectory whose spectral overlap reconstructs the Page curve envelope without restoring standard AMPS tensor factorization.
Current and future observations can test whether dark compact objects are Kerr black holes or exotic alternatives, with null results strengthening the black hole paradigm.
Lecture notes surveying entanglement entropy in QFT and holography, emphasizing physical aspects and the Ryu-Takayanagi formula.
citing papers explorer
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Replica wormholes and the black hole interior
Replica wormhole geometries justify the replica trick computation of the Page curve in holographic black hole models and support entanglement wedge reconstruction via the Petz map.
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The Page curve of Hawking radiation from semiclassical geometry
Hawking radiation entropy follows the Page curve when quantum extremal surfaces are identified with RT/HRT surfaces in a higher-dimensional holographic dual, making the black hole interior part of the radiation's entanglement wedge.
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Neutron stars more compact than black holes as a probe of strong-field gravity
Stable neutron-star configurations denser than black holes exist in quasi-topological gravity and may produce detectable gravitational-wave echoes.
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Subregion Complementarity in AdS/CFT
Subregion duality fails in AdS/CFT at leading large N, leading to the proposal of subregion complementarity allowing different CFT operators to describe one bulk subregion.
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Big Mysteries Survey: Physicists' Views on Cosmology, Black Holes, Quantum Mechanics, and Quantum Gravity
A survey of physicists finds that claimed consensus positions on foundational topics often rest on pluralities or narrow majorities rather than strong field-wide agreement.
-
Superball of Strings
A random-walk-sized fuzzball of BPS superstrings in supergravity is proposed to describe generic BPS microstates instead of a singular black hole.
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Radiating black holes in general relativity need not be singular
A spherically symmetric charged black hole evaporating via Hawking radiation can remain regular, with neither a singularity nor a Cauchy horizon, due to electromagnetic repulsion and energy-condition violation.
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On Black Holes Surrounded by Radiation II: Thermodynamics
Hillingar black holes thermodynamically mimic ordinary black holes of mass M, sharing temperature and entropy under thermal equilibrium.
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The magic of the gravitational vacuum
The vecro hypothesis introduces a lattice model of the gravitational vacuum whose extended correlations nucleate fuzzballs that destroy semiclassical spacetime near trapped surfaces.
-
Modular quantization and black holes
Modular quantization of a single holographic CFT reproduces exact Hartle-Hawking correlators of smooth BTZ black holes in the semiclassical limit while yielding non-smooth stretched-horizon descriptions at finite GN.
-
Finite N Black Holes through the Brick Wall
Reinterprets the brick-wall model as an effective description of finite-N departures from the semiclassical near-horizon continuum in AdS/CFT, producing residual reflections and model-dependent echoes.
-
Approaching the surface of an Exotic Compact Object
Near an Exotic Compact Object surface, vacuum Einstein equations yield chaotic oscillations with walls becoming cliffs, driving runaway squeezing that continues to fuzzball monopoles in string theory.
-
Topology sums, sectorwise holography, and horizon normalcy
When topology sums generate nontrivial baby-universe sectors, the holography of information refines to an alpha-sectorwise statement, making the absence of firewalls conditional on global sector data rather than local geometry alone.
-
Finite cutoff JT gravity: Baby universes, Matrix dual, and (Krylov) Complexity
Finite cutoff in JT gravity causes faster ERB-length saturation, deformation-dependent baby-universe emission only under Lorentzian evolution, and possible one-cut universality corrections in the matrix dual.
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UV Effects and Short-Lived Hawking Radiation: Alternative Resolution of Information Paradox
Hawking radiation terminates around the scrambling time due to trans-Planckian stringy effects in GUP and string-field-theory-inspired toy models, yielding negligible evaporation and a mostly classical black hole.
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Exponentially Long Evaporation of Noncommutative Black Hole
Noncommutative spacetime shifts the collapsing shell proportionally to outgoing Hawking mode momentum, invalidating standard robustness arguments and causing radiation to decay exponentially after scrambling for exponentially long black hole evaporation.
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Imprints of dynamical phases in semiclassical entanglement entropy in 2D CFT
Semiclassical entanglement entropy in driven 2D CFT states exhibits dynamical phase imprints; the holographic backreacted minimal area matches the CFT result at O(c^0) and verifies the FLM conjecture.
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Classical Corrections to Black Hole Entropy II
Modeling black hole absorption as discrete recursion yields area-law entropy with logarithmic corrections whose coefficients depend on spacetime dimension and charge for Schwarzschild and Reissner-Nordström cases.
-
Black hole chemistry: thermodynamics with Lambda
Treating the cosmological constant as pressure in black hole thermodynamics yields an extended dictionary with enthalpy, thermodynamic volume, and chemical-like phase transitions including Van der Waals behavior, reentrant transitions, and triple points.
-
Albertian Channel Memory in Black-Hole Evaporation
An Albert algebra description of the horizon yields a Volterra memory law on the Reissner-Nordstrom evaporation trajectory whose spectral overlap reconstructs the Page curve envelope without restoring standard AMPS tensor factorization.
-
Testing the nature of dark compact objects: a status report
Current and future observations can test whether dark compact objects are Kerr black holes or exotic alternatives, with null results strengthening the black hole paradigm.
-
Lectures on entanglement entropy in field theory and holography
Lecture notes surveying entanglement entropy in QFT and holography, emphasizing physical aspects and the Ryu-Takayanagi formula.