Numerical lattice simulation confirms spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking and gap opening in a helical Luttinger liquid at the Dirac point above a critical Luttinger parameter.
For that purpose we make the replacementsc nσ ↔ cn+1,σ, with an error that vanishes askain the long-wave length limit
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Lattice fermion simulation of spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking in a helical Luttinger liquid
Numerical lattice simulation confirms spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking and gap opening in a helical Luttinger liquid at the Dirac point above a critical Luttinger parameter.