Stealth solutions in mimetic gravity decouple from background dynamics on the lambda=0 branch but impose an infinite hierarchy of constraints on perturbations, rendering the screening limit non-uniform and pathological.
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Ishak, Living Rev
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abstract
We review recent developments and results in testing general relativity (GR) at cosmological scales. The subject has witnessed rapid growth during the last two decades with the aim of addressing the question of cosmic acceleration and the dark energy associated with it. However, with the advent of precision cosmology, it has also become a well-motivated endeavor by itself to test gravitational physics at cosmic scales. We overview cosmological probes of gravity, formalisms and parameterizations for testing deviations from GR at cosmological scales, selected modified gravity (MG) theories, gravitational screening mechanisms, and computer codes developed for these tests. We then provide summaries of recent cosmological constraints on MG parameters and selected MG models. We supplement these cosmological constraints with a summary of implications from the recent binary neutron star merger event. Next, we summarize some results on MG parameter forecasts with and without astrophysical systematics that will dominate the uncertainties. The review aims at providing an overall picture of the subject and an entry point to students and researchers interested in joining the field. It can also serve as a quick reference to recent results and constraints on testing gravity at cosmological scales.
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representative citing papers
A metric-affine version of quadratic DHOST theories is derived and reduced to a one-function family that satisfies degeneracy conditions and light-speed gravitational wave propagation.
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First-year DESI BAO data are consistent with flat LambdaCDM and, when combined with CMB, show a 2.5-3.9 sigma preference for evolving dark energy (w0 > -1, wa < 0) that strengthens with certain supernova datasets.
Scalar and tensor perturbations in Jordan-frame scalar-tensor gravity admit an exact linear-order Eckart effective-fluid description, with gravitational-wave damping governed by the scalar sector's transverse-traceless anisotropic stress.
KiDS-Legacy weak lensing plus CMB data yields a 3 sigma deviation in light deflection from GR in a Lambda CDM background, with the signal driven by large-scale CMB lensing amplitudes.
DESI DR1 full-shape clustering yields Ω_m = 0.2962 ± 0.0095 and σ_8 = 0.842 ± 0.034 in flat ΛCDM, tightening to H_0 = 68.40 ± 0.27 km/s/Mpc with CMB and DESY3, while favoring w_0 > -1, w_a < 0 and limiting neutrino mass sum to < 0.071 eV.
Third-generation gravitational-wave detectors can constrain frequency-dependent beyond-GR waveform modifications in the stochastic background, but modified propagation effects remain degenerate with astrophysical population parameters.
In symmetric teleparallel f(Q) gravity with nonminimal EM-nonmetricity coupling, the distance duality relation is dynamically violated, yielding a generalized formula relating observational distances to the Hubble rate.
Combining gravitational-potential decay-rate (DR) data with Σ8 and fσ8 growth measurements tightens modified-gravity parameter constraints by ~1.5–2×, with all results consistent with general relativity.
New constraints on dark radiation parameters from recent cosmological datasets show the model alleviates the Hubble tension with SH0ES inclusion while remaining consistent with standard expectations without it.
Generalized hybrid metric-Palatini gravity propagates a massless spin-2 mode and two massive scalars in the weak field; stability requires algebraic conditions on f derivatives at flat space, and planetary data constrain the scalar masses in a hierarchical regime.
Relativistic effects dominate large-scale galaxy power spectra and grow with redshift, but are largely insensitive to k-essence microphysics in Fourier space while the angular spectrum shows clearer model distinctions, especially for the tachyon.
Gravitational vacuum polarization explains the Hubble tension by increasing direct H0 measurements while leaving indirect ones unaffected, does not impact the sigma8 tension, and predicts FRB measurements match CMB/BAO values.
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Fragility of stealth solutions in mimetic gravity
Stealth solutions in mimetic gravity decouple from background dynamics on the lambda=0 branch but impose an infinite hierarchy of constraints on perturbations, rendering the screening limit non-uniform and pathological.
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Degenerate higher-order scalar-tensor theories in metric-affine gravity
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DESI DR2 Results II: Measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations and Cosmological Constraints
DESI DR2 BAO data exhibits 2.3 sigma tension with CMB in Lambda-CDM but prefers evolving dark energy (w0 > -1, wa < 0) at 3.1 sigma with CMB and 2.8-4.2 sigma when including supernovae.
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DESI 2024 VI: Cosmological Constraints from the Measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations
First-year DESI BAO data are consistent with flat LambdaCDM and, when combined with CMB, show a 2.5-3.9 sigma preference for evolving dark energy (w0 > -1, wa < 0) that strengthens with certain supernova datasets.
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Thermal channels of scalar and tensor waves in Jordan-frame scalar--tensor gravity
Scalar and tensor perturbations in Jordan-frame scalar-tensor gravity admit an exact linear-order Eckart effective-fluid description, with gravitational-wave damping governed by the scalar sector's transverse-traceless anisotropic stress.
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Evidence for deviation in gravitational light deflection from general relativity at cosmological scales with KiDS-Legacy and CMB lensing
KiDS-Legacy weak lensing plus CMB data yields a 3 sigma deviation in light deflection from GR in a Lambda CDM background, with the signal driven by large-scale CMB lensing amplitudes.
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DESI 2024 VII: Cosmological Constraints from the Full-Shape Modeling of Clustering Measurements
DESI DR1 full-shape clustering yields Ω_m = 0.2962 ± 0.0095 and σ_8 = 0.842 ± 0.034 in flat ΛCDM, tightening to H_0 = 68.40 ± 0.27 km/s/Mpc with CMB and DESY3, while favoring w_0 > -1, w_a < 0 and limiting neutrino mass sum to < 0.071 eV.
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Modeling Uncertainties in Modified Gravity Predictions for the Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background
Third-generation gravitational-wave detectors can constrain frequency-dependent beyond-GR waveform modifications in the stochastic background, but modified propagation effects remain degenerate with astrophysical population parameters.
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Distance duality relation in symmetric teleparallel gravity
In symmetric teleparallel f(Q) gravity with nonminimal EM-nonmetricity coupling, the distance duality relation is dynamically violated, yielding a generalized formula relating observational distances to the Hubble rate.
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Synergy between the gravitational potential decay rate and other structure growth probes in testing gravity
Combining gravitational-potential decay-rate (DR) data with Σ8 and fσ8 growth measurements tightens modified-gravity parameter constraints by ~1.5–2×, with all results consistent with general relativity.
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Exploring the Dark Sector: Interacting Radiation in Light of Modern Cosmological Probes
New constraints on dark radiation parameters from recent cosmological datasets show the model alleviates the Hubble tension with SH0ES inclusion while remaining consistent with standard expectations without it.
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Another Look at the Weak-Field Limit of Generalized Hybrid Metric-Palatini Gravity
Generalized hybrid metric-Palatini gravity propagates a massless spin-2 mode and two massive scalars in the weak field; stability requires algebraic conditions on f derivatives at flat space, and planetary data constrain the scalar masses in a hierarchical regime.
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Relativistic effects in k-essence
Relativistic effects dominate large-scale galaxy power spectra and grow with redshift, but are largely insensitive to k-essence microphysics in Fourier space while the angular spectrum shows clearer model distinctions, especially for the tachyon.
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Gravitational particle production, the cosmological tensions and fast radio bursts
Gravitational vacuum polarization explains the Hubble tension by increasing direct H0 measurements while leaving indirect ones unaffected, does not impact the sigma8 tension, and predicts FRB measurements match CMB/BAO values.