In pure axion inflation, detectable gravitational wave signals arise only in parameter regions with strong backreaction that violate the upper bound on ΔN_eff.
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Lattice simulations show that Schwinger currents saturate gauge-field production in axion inflation, yielding universal conductivity and magnetic-field values at the onset of strong backreaction.
One-loop integration of a heavy fermion with inflaton-dependent mass in axion inflation generates localized gauge-field production and a detectable chiral gravitational-wave signal in the deci-hertz range.
A shear-free locally FLRW lattice framework for single-field inflation captures spatially varying expansion, curvature corrections, and nonlinear δN observables at a fraction of the cost of full numerical relativity.
Schwinger fermion production in axion inflation damps gauge fields, enabling observable primordial gravitational waves in LISA/ET bands while satisfying ΔN_eff limits and identifying a new damped-oscillation backreaction regime.
Lattice simulations of bumpy axion U(1) inflation in the strong backreaction regime generate curvature perturbations large enough for primordial black holes to comprise all dark matter.
A symbiotic axion-dilaton system sources a moderately chiral dark U(1) magnetic field of astrophysically relevant strength during radiation domination through tachyonic amplification without fine-tuning.
Inflationary magnetic fields induce curvature perturbations that form ultralight PBHs, generating a stochastic GW background with model-specific features.
PBHs generated by axion inflation with gauge-field coupling can comprise all dark matter in the asteroidal mass range while producing a LISA-measurable stochastic GW background.
Including spectral running α_s, β_s and self-interacting dark radiation relaxes the ACT DR6 bound on ΔN_eff to <0.58 and lowers the Hubble tension to 2.2σ with three extra parameters.
A spectator scalar field with strong portal coupling to the inflaton sources a stochastic gravitational wave background reaching Ω_GW h² ∼ 10^{-11} at frequencies 10^7-10^8 Hz for benchmark parameters σ/λ ≃ 10^4 and T_reh = 2×10^{14} GeV.
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Nonlinear Lattice Framework for Inflation: Bridging stochastic inflation and the $\delta{N}$ formalism
A shear-free locally FLRW lattice framework for single-field inflation captures spatially varying expansion, curvature corrections, and nonlinear δN observables at a fraction of the cost of full numerical relativity.