Replica wormhole geometries justify the replica trick computation of the Page curve in holographic black hole models and support entanglement wedge reconstruction via the Petz map.
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A semiclassical ramp in SYK and in gravity
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abstract
In finite entropy systems, real-time partition functions do not decay to zero at late time. Instead, assuming random matrix universality, suitable averages exhibit a growing "ramp" and "plateau" structure. Deriving this non-decaying behavior in a large $N$ collective field description is a challenge related to one version of the black hole information problem. We describe a candidate semiclassical explanation of the ramp for the SYK model and for black holes. In SYK, this is a two-replica nonperturbative saddle point for the large $N$ collective fields, with zero action and a compact zero mode that leads to a linearly growing ramp. In the black hole context, the solution is a two-sided black hole that is periodically identified under a Killing time translation. We discuss but do not resolve some puzzles that arise.
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Mellin averaging over N reproduces the ensemble-like randomness of wormhole physics in the gravitational path integral when the dual theory admits analytic continuation in N and observables fluctuate superpolynomially small in N.
Replica wormholes in the gravitational path integral yield the island rule for the fine-grained entropy of Hawking radiation, ensuring it follows the unitary Page curve in two-dimensional dilaton gravity.
Hawking radiation entropy follows the Page curve when quantum extremal surfaces are identified with RT/HRT surfaces in a higher-dimensional holographic dual, making the black hole interior part of the radiation's entanglement wedge.
A phase transition in the quantum RT surface at the Page time derives the Page curve and enables entanglement wedge reconstruction of the black hole interior from Hawking radiation.
Non-orientable topological gravity produces a resummed topological expansion whose late-time behavior matches the GOE universality class of random matrix theory for time-reversal invariant chaotic systems.
Holographic complexity measures show universal linear growth followed by late-time saturation, proven necessary and sufficient via pole structures in the energy basis using the residue theorem, arising from random matrix statistics.
Positivity of gravitational path integral inner products requires non-perturbative instabilities in axion wormholes that break shift symmetry, implying a sharp axion weak gravity conjecture with precise constants.
Berry curvature of BPS states is random-matrix-like for supersymmetric black hole microstates but non-random and often zero for horizonless geometries, offering a chaos diagnostic in degenerate sectors.
Nonlinear cross-entropy benchmark and heavy-output classifier enable sample-efficient distinction between noisy quantum and classical spoofers for shallow-depth all-to-all random circuits.
Spectral functions of SYK, p-spin, and SU(M) Heisenberg models show exponential tails in spin-glass phases and quasiparticle families in spin-liquid phases, with a proof that exponential decay blocks detection of bulk causal structure.
In a Brownian SYK chain at strong coupling, information from an injected qudit spreads inside a sharp light-cone at the butterfly velocity because the governing dynamics reduce to FKPP domain walls.
A semiclassical construction of fiducial observers in JT gravity, fixed by conformal isometry flow, is extended to the quantum regime to compute wormhole contributions yielding finite thermal entropy and a quantum description of the stretched horizon.
Inner horizon saddles supply the semiclassical correction -exp(A_inner/4G) to near-extremal black-hole entropy and motivate a spectral KSW criterion for well-defined one-loop effects around complex gravitational saddles.
Wormhole effects in theories with imaginary massless scalars set an upper limit on analytic continuation of couplings to imaginary values, with string theory examples showing the low-energy theory breaks down at or before this bound.
A first-order phase transition in the Berkooz-Brukner-Jia-Mamroud interpolating model causes chord number, Krylov complexity, and operator size to switch discontinuously from chaotic (linear/exponential) to quasi-integrable (quadratic) growth.
Coupling SYK Majorana fermions to a quantum p-spin glassy bosonic landscape produces SYK-like behavior inside metastable states, enhances quantum spin-glass stability, and modifies Green's functions to slow dynamics in the glass while washing out critical SYK behavior in the paramagnetic phase.
Finite cutoff in JT gravity causes faster ERB-length saturation, deformation-dependent baby-universe emission only under Lorentzian evolution, and possible one-cut universality corrections in the matrix dual.
The Zamolodchikov metric in Narain CFTs is realized using the Cartan matrix K_g and its inverse from finite-dimensional Lie algebras g.
Krylov complexity is a canonical, parameter-independent measure of operator spreading that probes chaotic dynamics to late times and admits a geometric interpretation in holographic duals.
citing papers explorer
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Replica wormholes and the black hole interior
Replica wormhole geometries justify the replica trick computation of the Page curve in holographic black hole models and support entanglement wedge reconstruction via the Petz map.
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Wormholes and Averaging over N
Mellin averaging over N reproduces the ensemble-like randomness of wormhole physics in the gravitational path integral when the dual theory admits analytic continuation in N and observables fluctuate superpolynomially small in N.
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Replica Wormholes and the Entropy of Hawking Radiation
Replica wormholes in the gravitational path integral yield the island rule for the fine-grained entropy of Hawking radiation, ensuring it follows the unitary Page curve in two-dimensional dilaton gravity.
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The Page curve of Hawking radiation from semiclassical geometry
Hawking radiation entropy follows the Page curve when quantum extremal surfaces are identified with RT/HRT surfaces in a higher-dimensional holographic dual, making the black hole interior part of the radiation's entanglement wedge.
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Entanglement Wedge Reconstruction and the Information Paradox
A phase transition in the quantum RT surface at the Page time derives the Page curve and enables entanglement wedge reconstruction of the black hole interior from Hawking radiation.
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Mind the crosscap: $\tau$-scaling in non-orientable gravity and time-reversal-invariant systems
Non-orientable topological gravity produces a resummed topological expansion whose late-time behavior matches the GOE universality class of random matrix theory for time-reversal invariant chaotic systems.
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Universal Time Evolution of Holographic and Quantum Complexity
Holographic complexity measures show universal linear growth followed by late-time saturation, proven necessary and sufficient via pole structures in the energy basis using the residue theorem, arising from random matrix statistics.
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Positivity of the gravitational path integral implies the axionic weak gravity conjecture
Positivity of gravitational path integral inner products requires non-perturbative instabilities in axion wormholes that break shift symmetry, implying a sharp axion weak gravity conjecture with precise constants.
-
Chaos of Berry curvature for BPS microstates
Berry curvature of BPS states is random-matrix-like for supersymmetric black hole microstates but non-random and often zero for horizonless geometries, offering a chaos diagnostic in degenerate sectors.
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Sample-efficient benchmarking of shallow all-to-all random quantum circuits
Nonlinear cross-entropy benchmark and heavy-output classifier enable sample-efficient distinction between noisy quantum and classical spoofers for shallow-depth all-to-all random circuits.
-
Searching for emergent spacetime in spin glasses
Spectral functions of SYK, p-spin, and SU(M) Heisenberg models show exponential tails in spin-glass phases and quasiparticle families in spin-liquid phases, with a proof that exponential decay blocks detection of bulk causal structure.
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Entanglement spreading and emergent locality in Brownian SYK chains
In a Brownian SYK chain at strong coupling, information from an injected qudit spreads inside a sharp light-cone at the butterfly velocity because the governing dynamics reduce to FKPP domain walls.
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Fiducial observers and the thermal atmosphere in the black hole quantum throat
A semiclassical construction of fiducial observers in JT gravity, fixed by conformal isometry flow, is extended to the quantum regime to compute wormhole contributions yielding finite thermal entropy and a quantum description of the stretched horizon.
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Inner Horizon Saddles and a Spectral KSW Criterion
Inner horizon saddles supply the semiclassical correction -exp(A_inner/4G) to near-extremal black-hole entropy and motivate a spectral KSW criterion for well-defined one-loop effects around complex gravitational saddles.
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Wormholes and the imaginary distance bound
Wormhole effects in theories with imaginary massless scalars set an upper limit on analytic continuation of couplings to imaginary values, with string theory examples showing the low-energy theory breaks down at or before this bound.
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Probing the Chaos to Integrability Transition in Double-Scaled SYK
A first-order phase transition in the Berkooz-Brukner-Jia-Mamroud interpolating model causes chord number, Krylov complexity, and operator size to switch discontinuously from chaotic (linear/exponential) to quasi-integrable (quadratic) growth.
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Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev Model in a Quantum Glassy Landscape
Coupling SYK Majorana fermions to a quantum p-spin glassy bosonic landscape produces SYK-like behavior inside metastable states, enhances quantum spin-glass stability, and modifies Green's functions to slow dynamics in the glass while washing out critical SYK behavior in the paramagnetic phase.
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Finite cutoff JT gravity: Baby universes, Matrix dual, and (Krylov) Complexity
Finite cutoff in JT gravity causes faster ERB-length saturation, deformation-dependent baby-universe emission only under Lorentzian evolution, and possible one-cut universality corrections in the matrix dual.
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Algebraic Realisation of the Zamolodchikov Metric in Narain Theories
The Zamolodchikov metric in Narain CFTs is realized using the Cartan matrix K_g and its inverse from finite-dimensional Lie algebras g.
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Krylov Complexity
Krylov complexity is a canonical, parameter-independent measure of operator spreading that probes chaotic dynamics to late times and admits a geometric interpretation in holographic duals.