Two model-independent methods applied to latest SN and BAO data find the cosmic distance duality relation consistent with observations within 1 sigma and no evidence of violation.
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Reconstruction of dark energy and expansion dynamics using Gaussian processes
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abstract
An important issue in cosmology is reconstructing the effective dark energy equation of state directly from observations. With few physically motivated models, future dark energy studies cannot only be based on constraining a dark energy parameter space, as the errors found depend strongly on the parameterisation considered. We present a new non-parametric approach to reconstructing the history of the expansion rate and dark energy using Gaussian Processes, which is a fully Bayesian approach for smoothing data. We present a pedagogical introduction to Gaussian Processes, and discuss how it can be used to robustly differentiate data in a suitable way. Using this method we show that the Dark Energy Survey - Supernova Survey (DES) can accurately recover a slowly evolving equation of state to sigma_w = +-0.04 (95% CL) at z=0 and +-0.2 at z=0.7, with a minimum error of +-0.015 at the sweet-spot at z~0.14, provided the other parameters of the model are known. Errors on the expansion history are an order of magnitude smaller, yet make no assumptions about dark energy whatsoever. A code for calculating functions and their first three derivatives using Gaussian processes has been developed and is available for download at http://www.acgc.uct.ac.za/~seikel/GAPP/index.html .
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astro-ph.CO 13representative citing papers
Quintessence potential decreases monotonically with redshift while kinetic energy crosses zero near z=1, with negative values at intermediate redshifts being statistical artifacts from derivative reconstruction.
Model-independent reconstruction shows that early-universe modifications resolving the Hubble tension exist at the background level, requiring a smooth ~15% pre-recombination expansion rate enhancement.
A sign-switching dark energy model (Λ_s CDM) recovers positive effective neutrino masses (0.055 ± 0.050 eV) consistent with oscillation data, unlike ΛCDM which prefers negative values (-0.075 eV), for DESI DR2 + CMB + supernova fits with z_† > 2.4.
Latent-f and latent-H Gaussian process reconstructions from OHD data both yield f(z), w(z), and Om(z) consistent with Lambda-CDM, with no strong predictive preference and small prior-dependent residuals mainly at high redshift.
Neural networks calibrate 2D and 3D Dainotti relations on the Platinum GRB sample via ANN-driven MCMC to produce a model-independent Hubble diagram with reduced scatter.
Node-based reconstruction of cosmic expansion prefers stronger deceleration at z≈1.7 than smooth DE EoS parametrizations, isolating z~1.5-2 as a window where the latter may compress localized kinematic features permitted by current data.
No evidence for directional anisotropy in the cosmic distance duality relation is found, yielding a robust 95% upper bound of 0.025 on the dipole amplitude after accounting for survey selection effects.
Cross-check finds good agreement between DESI BAO and DES SNe distances in transverse measures but a mild, method-dependent decreasing trend in radial distances.
Bayesian model comparison using GP regression on Pantheon+ SNIa distances finds a logarithmic redshift correction to the HIIG L-σ relation statistically preferred when intrinsic dispersion is modeled, though evidence weakens without it and after Malmquist bias matching.
The ANN-reconstructed Hubble parameter H(z) from cosmic chronometers aligns with Lambda CDM predictions within uncertainties.
This review traces the history of dynamical dark energy, presents the no-go theorem against single-field crossing of w = -1, and surveys viable Quintom constructions including multi-field models and modified gravity in light of DESI DR2 hints.
EMCEE outperforms GP and MAF in recovering true H0 from mock cosmic chronometer datasets, with GP most sensitive to data points via delete-d jackknife analysis.
citing papers explorer
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Model-independent test of the cosmic distance duality relation with recent observational data
Two model-independent methods applied to latest SN and BAO data find the cosmic distance duality relation consistent with observations within 1 sigma and no evidence of violation.
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Model-Independent Reconstruction of Quintessence Potential and Kinetic Energy from DESI DR2 and Pantheon+ Supernovae
Quintessence potential decreases monotonically with redshift while kinetic energy crosses zero near z=1, with negative values at intermediate redshifts being statistical artifacts from derivative reconstruction.
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Geometric Constraints on the Pre-Recombination Expansion History from the Hubble Tension
Model-independent reconstruction shows that early-universe modifications resolving the Hubble tension exist at the background level, requiring a smooth ~15% pre-recombination expansion rate enhancement.
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Negative neutrino mass or negative dark energy?
A sign-switching dark energy model (Λ_s CDM) recovers positive effective neutrino masses (0.055 ± 0.050 eV) consistent with oscillation data, unlike ΛCDM which prefers negative values (-0.075 eV), for DESI DR2 + CMB + supernova fits with z_† > 2.4.
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Latent-Space Gaussian Processes for Dark-Energy Reconstruction from Observational \(H(z)\) Data
Latent-f and latent-H Gaussian process reconstructions from OHD data both yield f(z), w(z), and Om(z) consistent with Lambda-CDM, with no strong predictive preference and small prior-dependent residuals mainly at high redshift.
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Model-independent calibration of Gamma-Ray Bursts with neural networks
Neural networks calibrate 2D and 3D Dainotti relations on the Platinum GRB sample via ANN-driven MCMC to produce a model-independent Hubble diagram with reduced scatter.
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Do equation of state parametrizations of dark energy faithfully capture the dynamics of the late universe?
Node-based reconstruction of cosmic expansion prefers stronger deceleration at z≈1.7 than smooth DE EoS parametrizations, isolating z~1.5-2 as a window where the latter may compress localized kinematic features permitted by current data.
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Directional Tests of the Cosmic Distance Duality Relation using Pantheon+ and BAO
No evidence for directional anisotropy in the cosmic distance duality relation is found, yielding a robust 95% upper bound of 0.025 on the dipole amplitude after accounting for survey selection effects.
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Crosschecking Cosmic Distances from DESI BAO and DES SNe
Cross-check finds good agreement between DESI BAO and DES SNe distances in transverse measures but a mild, method-dependent decreasing trend in radial distances.
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Redshift Evolution of the HII Galaxy $L$-$\sigma$ Relation: Gaussian Process Analysis and Cosmological Implications
Bayesian model comparison using GP regression on Pantheon+ SNIa distances finds a logarithmic redshift correction to the HIIG L-σ relation statistically preferred when intrinsic dispersion is modeled, though evidence weakens without it and after Malmquist bias matching.
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Testing $\Lambda$CDM with ANN-Reconstructed Expansion History from Cosmic Chronometers
The ANN-reconstructed Hubble parameter H(z) from cosmic chronometers aligns with Lambda CDM predictions within uncertainties.
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The Quintom theory of dark energy after DESI DR2
This review traces the history of dynamical dark energy, presents the no-go theorem against single-field crossing of w = -1, and surveys viable Quintom constructions including multi-field models and modified gravity in light of DESI DR2 hints.
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Comparative Analysis of EMCEE, Gaussian Process, and Masked Autoregressive Flow in Constraining the Hubble Constant Using Cosmic Chronometers Dataset
EMCEE outperforms GP and MAF in recovering true H0 from mock cosmic chronometer datasets, with GP most sensitive to data points via delete-d jackknife analysis.