k-designs achieve maximal multi-copy discriminability for pure states when N suffices, mixed states outperform beyond that, and quantum offers quadratic advantage over classical in Bayes capacity terms.
Quantum state discrimination
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abstract
It is a fundamental consequence of the superposition principle for quantum states that there must exist non-orthogonal states, that is states that, although different, have a non-zero overlap. This finite overlap means that there is no way of determining with certainty in which of two such states a given physical system has been prepared. We review the various strategies that have been devised to discriminate optimally between non-orthogonal states and some of the optical experiments that have been performed to realise these.
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Nonlinear Hamiltonians on ancilla qubits enable efficient solution of UNIQUE SAT with ⟨σ^z⟩σ^z, 3SAT with ⟨σ^x⟩σ^y - ⟨σ^y⟩σ^x, and #SAT with ⟨σ^y⟩⟨σ^z⟩σ^x - ⟨σ^x⟩⟨σ^z⟩σ^y nonlinearity.
In the large-N limit, spin squeezing torsion yields a nonlinear qubit governed by the two-state Gross-Pitaevskii equation that solves single-input state discrimination on the Bloch sphere.
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The most discriminable quantum states in the multicopy regime
k-designs achieve maximal multi-copy discriminability for pure states when N suffices, mixed states outperform beyond that, and quantum offers quadratic advantage over classical in Bayes capacity terms.
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Nonlinear Hamiltonians and Boolean satisfiability
Nonlinear Hamiltonians on ancilla qubits enable efficient solution of UNIQUE SAT with ⟨σ^z⟩σ^z, 3SAT with ⟨σ^x⟩σ^y - ⟨σ^y⟩σ^x, and #SAT with ⟨σ^y⟩⟨σ^z⟩σ^x - ⟨σ^x⟩⟨σ^z⟩σ^y nonlinearity.