2D particle-in-cell simulations reveal that weakly magnetized quasi-parallel shocks transition from Bell-dominated (inefficient electron acceleration) to Weibel-dominated (efficient electron acceleration) regimes at an Alfvénic Mach number of ~100.
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Structured GRB jet simulations find that local electron cooling shifts the synchrotron cooling break up by over a factor of ten, smooths the transition, produces steeper post-break slopes initially, and originates from a narrow frequency-dependent region behind the shock front.
Late strange-mode pulsations from supermassive stars eject compact, nitrogen-rich gas shells that reproduce the dense circumstellar environments of Little Red Dots before the star collapses into a heavy black hole seed.
This paper derives quantitative correction factors for traditional SSA minimum energy estimates to account for inhomogeneity and non-spherical geometry in emitting regions.
High-resolution simulations demonstrate that two-zone models for GRB early afterglows fail to match hydrodynamic evolution in the Newtonian reverse shock regime before Blandford-McKee self-similarity, causing systematic overpredictions of emission depending on the transition prescription.
An analytical model for multiwavelength synchrotron emission from decelerated quasi-spherical ejecta with energy injection in stratified environments is developed for the deep Newtonian regime of GRB afterglows.
Free neutrons survive r-process freeze-out in fast ejecta of neutron star mergers and their beta-decay heating produces a visible early kilonova precursor for mass fractions above ~0.05.
Relativistic propagation in GRB afterglows filters intrinsic QPOs via equal-arrival-time integration, acting as a stationary low-pass filter for constant Gamma and a time-dependent filter causing frequency drift during deceleration.
Multi-band data for GRB 241025A require an ad-hoc factor-500 increase in shocked-material optical depth to match the observed radio spectral evolution within a structured-jet forward-shock model.
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New early multi-wavelength data on GRB 230328B shows afterglow with early bump and late achromatic rebrightening at ~4000 s, modeled via MCMC as forward shock plus late energy injection in a dusty S0 host with AV~0.8 and no supernova signature.
Simulations of the BSD instrument for POLAR-2 show it can localize faint GRBs like GRB 170817A to about 1.5 degrees accuracy, meeting requirements for supporting GRB polarimetry.
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PIC-motivated acceleration models for GRB afterglows predict a GeV-band synchrotron cutoff in low-density short GRBs that current Fermi-LAT data cannot distinguish from the Bohm limit but future observations could.
Next-generation CMB experiments are expected to detect thousands of strongly lensed galaxies to z~6 and proto-clusters, plus tens of thousands of local dusty galaxies and radio sources, enabling new studies of galaxy formation.
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Moving-mesh simulations of spreading dynamics and local electron cooling in structured gamma-ray burst afterglow jets
Structured GRB jet simulations find that local electron cooling shifts the synchrotron cooling break up by over a factor of ten, smooths the transition, produces steeper post-break slopes initially, and originates from a narrow frequency-dependent region behind the shock front.