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Unsteady Outflow Models for Cosmological Gamma-Ray Bursts

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abstract

The 'event' that triggers a gamma ray burst cannot last for more than a few seconds. This is, however, long compared with the dynamical timescale of a compact stellar-mass object ($\sim 10^{-3}$ seconds). Energy is assumed to be released as an outflow with high mean lorentz factor $\Gamma$. But a compact stellar-mass collapse or merger is, realistically, likely to generate a mass (or energy) flux that is unsteady on some timescales in the range $10^{-3}$ - 10 seconds. If $\Gamma$ fluctuates by a factor of $\sim 2$ around its mean value, relative motions within the outflowing material will themselves (in the comoving frame) be relativistic, and can give rise to internal shocks. For $\Gamma \sim 10^2$, the resultant dissipation occurs outside the 'photosphere' and can convert a substantial fraction of the overall outflow energy into non-thermal radiation. This suggests a mechanism for cosmological bursts that demands less extreme assumptions (in respect of $\Gamma$-values, freedom from baryonic contamination, etc) than earlier proposals.

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astro-ph.HE 3

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2026 3

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Time lags as proxy of spectral evolution in gamma-ray bursts

astro-ph.HE · 2026-06-09 · unverdicted · novelty 5.0

Time lags between energy bands serve as proxies for spectral evolution in GRBs, with positive lags tracing prompt emission softening and negative lags indicating a new delayed high-energy component.

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