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Universality of Phase Transition Dynamics: Topological Defects from Symmetry Breaking

4 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.

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abstract

In the course of a non-equilibrium continuous phase transition, the dynamics ceases to be adiabatic in the vicinity of the critical point as a result of the critical slowing down (the divergence of the relaxation time in the neighborhood of the critical point). This enforces a local choice of the broken symmetry and can lead to the formation of topological defects. The Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM) was developed to describe the associated nonequilibrium dynamics and to estimate the density of defects as a function of the quench rate through the transition. During recent years, several new experiments investigating formation of defects in phase transitions induced by a quench both in classical and quantum mechanical systems were carried out. At the same time, some established results were called into question. We review and analyze the Kibble-Zurek mechanism focusing in particular on this surge of activity, and suggest possible directions for further progress.

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2026 4

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Self-Consistent Parker Bound on Magnetic Monopoles

hep-ph · 2026-05-20 · conditional · novelty 6.0

A self-consistent Parker bound, anchored in the dynamo seed eigenmode and including turbulent pre-acceleration of monopoles, relaxes the standard extended Parker bound by roughly two orders of magnitude at low and intermediate monopole masses.

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