ErrorRadar is a new benchmark of 2,500 multimodal K-12 math problems for MLLM error step identification and categorization, where GPT-4o trails human experts by ~10%.
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Visual sketchpad: Sketching as a visual chain of thought for multimodal language models
18 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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Draw2Think recasts geometric reasoning as agentic interaction with a constraint engine, achieving 95.9% predicate-level construction fidelity and up to 16.4% accuracy gains on solid geometry tasks.
A planner-orchestrator system learns long-horizon image editing by maximizing outcome-based rewards from a vision-language judge and refining plans from successful trajectories.
DMLR performs dynamic visual-textual interleaving in latent space using confidence-guided latent policy gradient optimization and a dynamic visual injection strategy, yielding improved multimodal reasoning on benchmarks.
Latent Visual Reasoning enables autoregressive generation of latent visual states that reconstruct critical image tokens, yielding gains on perception-heavy VQA benchmarks such as 71.67% on MMVP.
PuzzleWorld benchmark reveals state-of-the-art AI models solve only 18% of complex puzzlehunt problems with 40% stepwise accuracy, matching novices but trailing enthusiasts, while fine-tuning on traces yields modest gains.
Learns state-conditioned commitment depth in a 7B vision-language policy that jointly predicts actions and replan intervals, outperforming fixed-depth baselines and larger models on Sliding Puzzle and Sokoban while providing a theoretical dominance result.
ToolsRL trains MLLMs via a tool-specific then accuracy-focused RL curriculum to master visual tools for complex reasoning tasks.
Mull-Tokens are modality-agnostic latent tokens that enable free-form multimodal thinking and deliver up to 16% gains on spatial reasoning benchmarks.
Multimodal foundation models achieve respectable but sub-specialist performance on semantic vision tasks and weaker results on geometric tasks when evaluated through prompt chaining on established benchmarks.
ViGoRL introduces visually grounded RL that anchors reasoning steps to image coordinates and uses multi-turn zooming to outperform standard RL and supervised baselines on spatial and GUI reasoning benchmarks.
CoT-VLA is a 7B VLA that generates future visual frames autoregressively as planning goals before actions, outperforming prior VLAs by 17% on real-world tasks and 6% in simulation.
Iterative SFT-RL cycles enable a 7B LVLM to develop sophisticated visual chain-of-thought reasoning and improve performance on math and general reasoning benchmarks.
MVoT lets multimodal models create coherent images during chain-of-thought reasoning via a token discrepancy loss, yielding competitive or better results than text-only CoT on dynamic spatial tasks.
ReFineVLA adds teacher-generated reasoning steps to VLA training and reports state-of-the-art success rates on SimplerEnv WidowX and Google Robot benchmarks.
MAG-3D is a training-free multi-agent framework that coordinates planning, grounding, and coding agents with off-the-shelf VLMs to achieve grounded 3D reasoning and state-of-the-art benchmark results.
UnAC improves LMM performance on visual reasoning benchmarks by combining adaptive visual prompting, image abstraction, and gradual self-checking.
The paper provides the first comprehensive survey of multimodal chain-of-thought reasoning, including foundational concepts, a taxonomy of methodologies, application analyses, challenges, and future directions.
citing papers explorer
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ErrorRadar: Benchmarking Complex Mathematical Reasoning of Multimodal Large Language Models Via Error Detection
ErrorRadar is a new benchmark of 2,500 multimodal K-12 math problems for MLLM error step identification and categorization, where GPT-4o trails human experts by ~10%.
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Draw2Think: Harnessing Geometry Reasoning through Constraint Engine Interaction
Draw2Think recasts geometric reasoning as agentic interaction with a constraint engine, achieving 95.9% predicate-level construction fidelity and up to 16.4% accuracy gains on solid geometry tasks.
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From Plans to Pixels: Learning to Plan and Orchestrate for Open-Ended Image Editing
A planner-orchestrator system learns long-horizon image editing by maximizing outcome-based rewards from a vision-language judge and refining plans from successful trajectories.
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Reasoning Within the Mind: Dynamic Multimodal Interleaving in Latent Space
DMLR performs dynamic visual-textual interleaving in latent space using confidence-guided latent policy gradient optimization and a dynamic visual injection strategy, yielding improved multimodal reasoning on benchmarks.
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Latent Visual Reasoning
Latent Visual Reasoning enables autoregressive generation of latent visual states that reconstruct critical image tokens, yielding gains on perception-heavy VQA benchmarks such as 71.67% on MMVP.
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PuzzleWorld: A Benchmark for Multimodal, Open-Ended Reasoning in Puzzlehunts
PuzzleWorld benchmark reveals state-of-the-art AI models solve only 18% of complex puzzlehunt problems with 40% stepwise accuracy, matching novices but trailing enthusiasts, while fine-tuning on traces yields modest gains.
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When to Re-Commit: Temporal Abstraction Discovery for Long-Horizon Vision-Language Reasoning
Learns state-conditioned commitment depth in a 7B vision-language policy that jointly predicts actions and replan intervals, outperforming fixed-depth baselines and larger models on Sliding Puzzle and Sokoban while providing a theoretical dominance result.
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Visual Reasoning through Tool-supervised Reinforcement Learning
ToolsRL trains MLLMs via a tool-specific then accuracy-focused RL curriculum to master visual tools for complex reasoning tasks.
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Mull-Tokens: Modality-Agnostic Latent Thinking
Mull-Tokens are modality-agnostic latent tokens that enable free-form multimodal thinking and deliver up to 16% gains on spatial reasoning benchmarks.
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How Well Does GPT-4o Understand Vision? Evaluating Multimodal Foundation Models on Standard Computer Vision Tasks
Multimodal foundation models achieve respectable but sub-specialist performance on semantic vision tasks and weaker results on geometric tasks when evaluated through prompt chaining on established benchmarks.
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Grounded Reinforcement Learning for Visual Reasoning
ViGoRL introduces visually grounded RL that anchors reasoning steps to image coordinates and uses multi-turn zooming to outperform standard RL and supervised baselines on spatial and GUI reasoning benchmarks.
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CoT-VLA: Visual Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Vision-Language-Action Models
CoT-VLA is a 7B VLA that generates future visual frames autoregressively as planning goals before actions, outperforming prior VLAs by 17% on real-world tasks and 6% in simulation.
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OpenVLThinker: Complex Vision-Language Reasoning via Iterative SFT-RL Cycles
Iterative SFT-RL cycles enable a 7B LVLM to develop sophisticated visual chain-of-thought reasoning and improve performance on math and general reasoning benchmarks.
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Imagine while Reasoning in Space: Multimodal Visualization-of-Thought
MVoT lets multimodal models create coherent images during chain-of-thought reasoning via a token discrepancy loss, yielding competitive or better results than text-only CoT on dynamic spatial tasks.
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ReFineVLA: Multimodal Reasoning-Aware Generalist Robotic Policies via Teacher-Guided Fine-Tuning
ReFineVLA adds teacher-generated reasoning steps to VLA training and reports state-of-the-art success rates on SimplerEnv WidowX and Google Robot benchmarks.
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MAG-3D: Multi-Agent Grounded Reasoning for 3D Understanding
MAG-3D is a training-free multi-agent framework that coordinates planning, grounding, and coding agents with off-the-shelf VLMs to achieve grounded 3D reasoning and state-of-the-art benchmark results.
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UnAC: Adaptive Visual Prompting with Abstraction and Stepwise Checking for Complex Multimodal Reasoning
UnAC improves LMM performance on visual reasoning benchmarks by combining adaptive visual prompting, image abstraction, and gradual self-checking.
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Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Reasoning: A Comprehensive Survey
The paper provides the first comprehensive survey of multimodal chain-of-thought reasoning, including foundational concepts, a taxonomy of methodologies, application analyses, challenges, and future directions.