Derives gravitational Compton amplitude at O(G^4) and N-matrix element for scattering phase shift, verified by agreement with black-hole perturbation theory.
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Instability of the massive Klein-Gordon field on the Kerr spacetime
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abstract
We investigate the instability of the massive scalar field in the vicinity of a rotating black hole. The instability arises from amplification caused by the classical superradiance effect. The instability affects bound states: solutions to the massive Klein-Gordon equation which tend to zero at infinity. We calculate the spectrum of bound state frequencies on the Kerr background using a continued fraction method, adapted from studies of quasinormal modes. We demonstrate that the instability is most significant for the $l = 1$, $m = 1$ state, for $M \mu \lesssim 0.5$. For a fast rotating hole ($a = 0.99$) we find a maximum growth rate of $\tau^{-1} \approx 1.5 \times 10^{-7} (GM/c^3)^{-1}$, at $M \mu \approx 0.42$. The physical implications are discussed.
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representative citing papers
ABG-dS black holes show charged superradiant instability exclusively for the spherically symmetric ℓ=0 mode, with growth rates that peak at intermediate Λ and q and rise with Q, differing from RN-dS due to nonlinear electrodynamics.
Black hole superradiance constrains the coupling strength in interacting dark energy-dark matter models through modifications to the effective mass of ultralight bosons in two scenarios.
String theory predicts an axiverse of ultralight axions whose effects on CMB polarization, matter power spectrum, and black hole superradiance can be probed by future astrophysical experiments.
Matrix matching yields improved quasi-bound spectra (fine structure + decay widths) for a massive Dirac field on RN, and branch-cut analysis plus simulations reveal an intermediate oscillatory power law followed by a QBS-driven t^{-5/6} exp(-η t^{1/3}) far-late-time regime.
Extends relativistic EMRI calculations in scalar clouds from circular-equatorial to eccentric and inclined orbits around Schwarzschild black holes, revealing apsidal-precession resonances and inclination-dependent net energy transfer.
Eccentric EMRIs exhibit relativistic resonances in scalar fluxes that enhance interactions with scalar clouds and amplify waveform dephasing relative to circular orbits.
Regular black holes with scalar hair exhibit anomalous decay rates for massive scalar perturbations, with longest-lived modes switching to lower angular momentum above a critical mass.
Collective nucleon scattering in neutron-star matter suppresses the effective absorption of ultralight bosons at the long wavelengths relevant for superradiance, weakening the link between stellar cooling bounds and superradiant instability rates.
Semi-analytic waveform model for scalar environments around black hole binaries is validated against numerical relativity and applied to LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA data to obtain upper limits on scalar densities with tentative evidence in GW190728.
Bilinear products for black hole quasinormal modes on hyperboloidal foliations are divergent due to CPT transformations but can be regularized to define orthogonal modes and excitation coefficients.
Relativistic metric backreaction from scalar dark matter clouds in EMRIs produces dominant polar gravitational wave corrections for Mμ ≲ 0.12, exceeding axial and scalar radiation channels at small separations.
Hierarchical Bayesian analysis of GWTC-5 binary black hole spins finds no evidence for superradiant axions and excludes masses 1.7e-14 to 3.3e-12 eV at 95% CL.
Ultralight boson clouds around primordial black holes emit high-frequency gravitational wave transients via superradiance and binary-driven transitions, but the signals fall below current detector sensitivity at plausible distances.
Models apsidal precession and dynamical friction from extended matter to extend GRAVITY constraints on boson clouds around Sgr A* and assess impacts on S-star orbits.
Black holes with dark matter halos in scalar-tensor gravity exhibit scalarization and superradiant instability in some parameter regions, with halo size and mass affecting outcomes for small halos but coupling constant α dominating for large ones.
citing papers explorer
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Gravitational Compton scattering at the fourth post-Minkowskian order
Derives gravitational Compton amplitude at O(G^4) and N-matrix element for scattering phase shift, verified by agreement with black-hole perturbation theory.
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Charged Superradiant Instability of Spherically Symmetric Regular Black Holes in de Sitter Spacetime: Time- and Frequency-Domain Analysis
ABG-dS black holes show charged superradiant instability exclusively for the spherically symmetric ℓ=0 mode, with growth rates that peak at intermediate Λ and q and rise with Q, differing from RN-dS due to nonlinear electrodynamics.
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Constraining interacting dark energy models with black hole superradiance
Black hole superradiance constrains the coupling strength in interacting dark energy-dark matter models through modifications to the effective mass of ultralight bosons in two scenarios.
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String Axiverse
String theory predicts an axiverse of ultralight axions whose effects on CMB polarization, matter power spectrum, and black hole superradiance can be probed by future astrophysical experiments.
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Quasi-bound states and late-time evolution of a massive fermion around a Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black hole
Matrix matching yields improved quasi-bound spectra (fine structure + decay widths) for a massive Dirac field on RN, and branch-cut analysis plus simulations reveal an intermediate oscillatory power law followed by a QBS-driven t^{-5/6} exp(-η t^{1/3}) far-late-time regime.
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Relativistic effects in extreme-mass-ratio inspirals within scalar clouds: Eccentric and inclined orbits
Extends relativistic EMRI calculations in scalar clouds from circular-equatorial to eccentric and inclined orbits around Schwarzschild black holes, revealing apsidal-precession resonances and inclination-dependent net energy transfer.
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Resonances as signatures of scalar clouds in eccentric extreme-mass-ratio inspirals
Eccentric EMRIs exhibit relativistic resonances in scalar fluxes that enhance interactions with scalar clouds and amplify waveform dephasing relative to circular orbits.
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Anomalous Decay Rate and Greybody Factors for Regular Black Holes with Scalar Hair
Regular black holes with scalar hair exhibit anomalous decay rates for massive scalar perturbations, with longest-lived modes switching to lower angular momentum above a critical mass.
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Stellar Superradiance and Low-Energy Absorption in Dense Nuclear Media
Collective nucleon scattering in neutron-star matter suppresses the effective absorption of ultralight bosons at the long wavelengths relevant for superradiance, weakening the link between stellar cooling bounds and superradiant instability rates.
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Scalar fields around black hole binaries in LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA
Semi-analytic waveform model for scalar environments around black hole binaries is validated against numerical relativity and applied to LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA data to obtain upper limits on scalar densities with tentative evidence in GW190728.
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Bilinear products and the orthogonality of quasinormal modes on hyperboloidal foliations
Bilinear products for black hole quasinormal modes on hyperboloidal foliations are divergent due to CPT transformations but can be regularized to define orthogonal modes and excitation coefficients.
-
Relativistic signatures of scalar dark matter in extreme-mass-ratio inspirals
Relativistic metric backreaction from scalar dark matter clouds in EMRIs produces dominant polar gravitational wave corrections for Mμ ≲ 0.12, exceeding axial and scalar radiation channels at small separations.
-
No Evidence for Superradiant Axions in LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA GWTC-5 Binary Black Hole Spins
Hierarchical Bayesian analysis of GWTC-5 binary black hole spins finds no evidence for superradiant axions and excludes masses 1.7e-14 to 3.3e-12 eV at 95% CL.
-
High-frequency gravitational wave transients from superradiance
Ultralight boson clouds around primordial black holes emit high-frequency gravitational wave transients via superradiance and binary-driven transitions, but the signals fall below current detector sensitivity at plausible distances.
-
Probing dense environments around Sgr A* with S-stars dynamics
Models apsidal precession and dynamical friction from extended matter to extend GRAVITY constraints on boson clouds around Sgr A* and assess impacts on S-star orbits.
-
Scalarization and superradiant instability of black hole induced by dark matter halo in the scalar-tensor theory of gravity
Black holes with dark matter halos in scalar-tensor gravity exhibit scalarization and superradiant instability in some parameter regions, with halo size and mass affecting outcomes for small halos but coupling constant α dominating for large ones.
- Quasibound states of a charged Dirac field around regular black holes
- Relativistic frequency shifts in gravitational waves from axion clouds
- Black hole spectroscopy: from theory to experiment