Ensemble simulations find linear magnetic energy growth (p_nl=1) in subsonic small-scale dynamos and quadratic growth (p_nl=2) in supersonic ones, with universal conversion efficiency ~1/100 of turbulent kinetic energy flux and nonlinear phase duration ~20 t0.
Lemoine, Journal of Plasma Physics89, 175890501 (2023), 2304.03023
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3D PIC simulations of relativistic turbulence show mirror interactions drive perpendicular momentum gains correlated with local magnetic-field strengthening, yielding anisotropic high-energy particle distributions and enhanced confinement.
Simulations show that drift dominance over diffusion can create a knee at PeV energies if parallel diffusion becomes energy-independent above 1 TeV, though some setups fail to match observed grammage.
citing papers explorer
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The universal growth of magnetic energy during the nonlinear phase of subsonic and supersonic small-scale dynamos
Ensemble simulations find linear magnetic energy growth (p_nl=1) in subsonic small-scale dynamos and quadratic growth (p_nl=2) in supersonic ones, with universal conversion efficiency ~1/100 of turbulent kinetic energy flux and nonlinear phase duration ~20 t0.
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Studying the mirror acceleration via kinetic simulations of relativistic plasma turbulence
3D PIC simulations of relativistic turbulence show mirror interactions drive perpendicular momentum gains correlated with local magnetic-field strengthening, yielding anisotropic high-energy particle distributions and enhanced confinement.
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Transition from Diffusion to Drift-Dominated Cosmic Ray Transport and the Origin of the Knee
Simulations show that drift dominance over diffusion can create a knee at PeV energies if parallel diffusion becomes energy-independent above 1 TeV, though some setups fail to match observed grammage.
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