Metallicity-dependent explodability prescriptions for massive stars reproduce observed galactic abundance trends when used in chemical evolution models and permit a simplified form that alleviates the red supergiant problem without violating those trends, provided net outflows are negligible and the
Implications of 3D non-LTE spectral line formation
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New NIR OH-based oxygen abundances for 35 VMP stars are empirically calibrated against the [OI] line to flatten the [O/Fe] vs [Fe/H] trend and improve agreement with Galactic chemical evolution models.
JWST spectra reveal that two z~7 galaxies already show near-solar iron-to-silicon ratios with no strong odd-even effect, favoring early Type Ia supernovae over pair-instability supernovae as the source of iron enrichment.
GALEX NUV excess shows an 8 sigma anti-correlation with [Fe/H] in 492 halo stars, enabling distinction of VMP stars but limited for EMP stars by chromospheric variability.