Late-time JWST spectra of SN 2023xgo detect cool silicate or carbonaceous dust masses of order 0.01-0.03 solar masses plus narrow He I emission indicating ongoing circumstellar interaction at +377 days.
The evolution of Red Supergiant mass-loss rates
2 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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abstract
The fate of massive stars with initial masses >8M$_\odot$ depends largely on the mass-loss rate (\mdot ) in the end stages of their lives. Red supergiants (RSGs) are the direct progenitors to Type II-P core collapse supernovae (SN), but there is uncertainty regarding the scale and impact of any mass-loss during this phase. Here we used near and mid-IR photometry and the radiative transfer code DUSTY to determine luminosity and \mdot\ values for the RSGs in two Galactic clusters (NGC 7419 and $\chi$ Per) where the RSGs are all of similar initial mass ($M_{\rm initial}$$\sim$16M$_\odot$), allowing us to study how \mdot\ changes with time along an evolutionary sequence. We find a clear, tight correlation between luminosity and \mdot\ suggesting the scatter seen in studies of field stars is caused by stars of similar luminosity being of different initial masses. From our results we estimate how much mass a 16M$_\odot$ star would lose during the RSG phase, finding a star of this mass would lose a total of 0.61$^{+0.92}_{-0.31}$M$_\odot$. This is much less than expected for \mdot\ prescriptions currently used in evolutionary models.
years
2026 2verdicts
UNVERDICTED 2representative citing papers
SN 2019vxm is a luminous, long-lived Type IIn supernova showing early flash-ionization features, a power-law bolometric light curve, and mid-IR dust formation, with a progenitor mass-loss rate lower limit of at least 0.01 solar masses per year.
citing papers explorer
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JWST Reveals Large Reservoirs of Dust and Ongoing Circumstellar Interaction in SN Ibn/Icn 2023xgo over a Year Post-Explosion
Late-time JWST spectra of SN 2023xgo detect cool silicate or carbonaceous dust masses of order 0.01-0.03 solar masses plus narrow He I emission indicating ongoing circumstellar interaction at +377 days.
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SN 2019vxm: A luminous and long-lived Type IIn supernova with early flash-ionisation features
SN 2019vxm is a luminous, long-lived Type IIn supernova showing early flash-ionization features, a power-law bolometric light curve, and mid-IR dust formation, with a progenitor mass-loss rate lower limit of at least 0.01 solar masses per year.