An open-source framework that automates BSM Lagrangian construction, anomaly checks, and mass-matrix derivation from natural-language field specifications by using an LLM only as an orchestration layer over a deterministic symbolic backend.
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Physics of leptoquarks in precision experiments and at particle colliders
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abstract
We present a comprehensive review of physics effects generated by leptoquarks (LQs), i.e., hypothetical particles that can turn quarks into leptons and vice versa, of either scalar or vector nature. These considerations include discussion of possible completions of the Standard Model that contain LQ fields. The main focus of the review is on those LQ scenarios that are not problematic with regard to proton stability. We accordingly concentrate on the phenomenology of light leptoquarks that is relevant for precision experiments and particle colliders. Important constraints on LQ interactions with matter are derived from precision low-energy observables such as electric dipole moments, (g-2) of charged leptons, atomic parity violation, neutral meson mixing, Kaon, B, and D meson decays, etc. We provide a general analysis of indirect constraints on the strength of LQ interactions with the quarks and leptons to make statements that are as model independent as possible. We address complementary constraints that originate from electroweak precision measurements, top, and Higgs physics. The Higgs physics analysis we present covers not only the most recent but also expected results from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We finally discuss direct LQ searches. Current experimental situation is summarized and self-consistency of assumptions that go into existing accelerator-based searches is discussed. A progress in making next-to-leading order predictions for both pair and single LQ productions at colliders is also outlined.
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UNVERDICTED 17representative citing papers
A framework unifies dark matter stability and proton decay via residual Z4 symmetry from U(1)B+L breaking, with one-loop proton decay mediated by TeV-scale dark sector particles whose masses correlate with proton lifetime.
Doubly charmed baryon decays provide symmetry-protected null tests for nonfactorizable QCD and lepton-universality ratios sensitive to new physics at multi-TeV scales.
A chiral EFT framework is constructed for |ΔB|=2 interactions that matches SMEFT operators to low-energy baryon processes and identifies new dinucleon decay channels sensitive to previously unconstrained operator structures.
A reweighting method creates model-agnostic likelihoods from histogram analyses, applied to Belle II B+ to K+ nu nubar data for WET constraints and light new physics searches.
Massive dark fermions modify rate distributions in B to D(*) lepton invisible decays within weak effective theory, affecting |V_cb| extraction.
Tau weak dipole moments already rank among the leading probes of tau dipole operators and will become dominant at FCC-ee and HL-LHC.
Explores q² dependence and imaginary parts of tau g-2 and EDM in SMEFT and 2HDM, proposing methods to measure them at Belle II and STCF to improve a_τ bounds by over an order of magnitude.
Mixed QCD-QED contributions from gγ initial states enhance pair-production cross sections of charge-5/3 leptoquarks by up to 33%, strengthening ATLAS-derived mass exclusions.
Derives new physics scale constraints in a six-dimensional EFT subspace for μ to e transitions using data from μ→eγ, μ→3e, and nuclear conversion experiments while highlighting their complementarity.
The CP-violating decay-rate asymmetry in Σ⁺→pℓ⁺ℓ⁻ is allowed to reach tens of percent and is testable at LHCb.
Scalar leptoquarks in SU(5) GUT produce a stochastic gravitational wave background via graviton bremsstrahlung whose spectrum may be accessible to resonant-cavity detectors.
Predictions for Br(Λ_b → Λ^{(*)} ν ν̄) are 2.07 times the SM value with new physics scale constrained to 2.04–11.76 TeV at 1σ, plus a sum rule linking baryonic and mesonic modes.
A tauphilic leptoquark model with S1 explaining R(D(*)), ~R2 fitting B to K nu nu via right-handed coefficients, and S3 satisfying Delta m_Bs via mixing predicts subdominant negative C_VL, dominant positive C_SL, C9^LQ approx +1, and masses below 3 TeV.
A singlet scalar leptoquark in the 331LHN model can fully account for the muon anomalous magnetic moment discrepancy with mass above 1.8 TeV (or 6 TeV using 2025 data) while obeying LFV constraints and showing suppressed LHC signals.
Weak triplet models permit decoupling of neutrino magnetic moment from mass in minimal realizations but require delicate parameter adjustments for observable effects, and lose the decoupling in extended scenarios.
Review of the room left for B-decay anomalies inside the minimal low-energy leptoquark gauge model with SU(4)_C ⊗ SU(2)_L ⊗ U(1)_R symmetry.
citing papers explorer
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Large Language Model-Assisted Framework for BSM Model Building
An open-source framework that automates BSM Lagrangian construction, anomaly checks, and mass-matrix derivation from natural-language field specifications by using an LLM only as an orchestration layer over a deterministic symbolic backend.
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Null Tests and Lepton Universality in $\Xi_{cc}$ Baryon Decays
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EFT Pathways to $|\Delta B| =2$: Chiral Constructions and Phenomenology
A chiral EFT framework is constructed for |ΔB|=2 interactions that matches SMEFT operators to low-energy baryon processes and identifies new dinucleon decay channels sensitive to previously unconstrained operator structures.
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Accelerating Discovery: Model-Agnostic Likelihoods for the Reinterpretation of Particle Physics Results and their Application to the Belle II $B^{+}\to K^{+}\nu\bar{\nu}$ Measurement
A reweighting method creates model-agnostic likelihoods from histogram analyses, applied to Belle II B+ to K+ nu nubar data for WET constraints and light new physics searches.
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Probing Light Dark Fermions in $B \to D^{(*)}\ell X_{\rm inv}$ via Rate Distributions
Massive dark fermions modify rate distributions in B to D(*) lepton invisible decays within weak effective theory, affecting |V_cb| extraction.
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Current and future constraints on heavy New Physics from $\tau$ weak dipole moments
Tau weak dipole moments already rank among the leading probes of tau dipole operators and will become dominant at FCC-ee and HL-LHC.
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Probing the imaginary parts and their $q^2$ dependences for the tau $g-2$ and EDM
Explores q² dependence and imaginary parts of tau g-2 and EDM in SMEFT and 2HDM, proposing methods to measure them at Belle II and STCF to improve a_τ bounds by over an order of magnitude.
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Photon-initiated enhancements in the pair production of highly charged coloured particles
Mixed QCD-QED contributions from gγ initial states enhance pair-production cross sections of charge-5/3 leptoquarks by up to 33%, strengthening ATLAS-derived mass exclusions.
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Reach and complementarity of $\mu\to e$ searches
Derives new physics scale constraints in a six-dimensional EFT subspace for μ to e transitions using data from μ→eγ, μ→3e, and nuclear conversion experiments while highlighting their complementarity.
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CP violation in $\Sigma^+\to p\ell^+\ell^-$ within the standard model and beyond
The CP-violating decay-rate asymmetry in Σ⁺→pℓ⁺ℓ⁻ is allowed to reach tens of percent and is testable at LHCb.
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Gravitational waves from graviton bremsstrahlung in scalar leptoquark decays
Scalar leptoquarks in SU(5) GUT produce a stochastic gravitational wave background via graviton bremsstrahlung whose spectrum may be accessible to resonant-cavity detectors.
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$\Lambda_b\to\Lambda^{(*)}\nu{\bar\nu}$ and $b\to s$ $B$ decays
Predictions for Br(Λ_b → Λ^{(*)} ν ν̄) are 2.07 times the SM value with new physics scale constrained to 2.04–11.76 TeV at 1σ, plus a sum rule linking baryonic and mesonic modes.
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$B$ anomalies and the tauphilic leptoquark model
A tauphilic leptoquark model with S1 explaining R(D(*)), ~R2 fitting B to K nu nu via right-handed coefficients, and S3 satisfying Delta m_Bs via mixing predicts subdominant negative C_VL, dominant positive C_SL, C9^LQ approx +1, and masses below 3 TeV.
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Probing muon anomaly and lepton flavor violation with scalar leptoquarks in the 331LHN model
A singlet scalar leptoquark in the 331LHN model can fully account for the muon anomalous magnetic moment discrepancy with mass above 1.8 TeV (or 6 TeV using 2025 data) while obeying LFV constraints and showing suppressed LHC signals.
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Weak Triplet Models of Neutrino Magnetic Moments
Weak triplet models permit decoupling of neutrino magnetic moment from mass in minimal realizations but require delicate parameter adjustments for observable effects, and lose the decoupling in extended scenarios.
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Lepton non-universality in $B$-decays in the minimal leptoquark gauge model
Review of the room left for B-decay anomalies inside the minimal low-energy leptoquark gauge model with SU(4)_C ⊗ SU(2)_L ⊗ U(1)_R symmetry.