Gravitational electric-magnetic duality at the light ring organizes and preserves quasinormal mode isospectrality in GR and selects duality-invariant higher-derivative corrections in effective field theories.
Fransen, Quasinormal modes from Penrose limits, Class
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Photon rings around black holes saturate the quantum chaos bound via Lyapunov exponents of null geodesics and OTOCs in the near-ring region.