Late-time radio observations of SN 2012au show re-brightening best explained by emission from a newborn pulsar wind nebula rather than continued shock interaction with circumstellar material.
Late Emission from the Type Ib/c SN 2001em: Overtaking the Hydrogen Envelope
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abstract
The Type Ib/c supernova SN 2001em was observed to have strong radio, X-ray, and Halpha emission at an age of about 2.5 yr. Although the radio and X-ray emission have been attributed to an off-axis gamma-ray burst, we model the emission as the interaction of normal SN Ib/c ejecta with a dense, massive (3 Msun) circumstellar shell at a distance about 7 x 10^{16} cm. We investigate two models, in which the circumstellar shell has or has not been overtaken by the forward shock at the time of the X-ray observation. The circumstellar shell was presumably formed by vigorous mass loss with a rate (2-10) x 10^{-3} Msun/yr at 1000-2000 yr prior to the supernova explosion. The hydrogen envelope was completely lost, and subsequently was swept up and accelerated by the fast wind of the presupernova star up to a velocity of 30-50 km/s. Although interaction with the shell can explain most of the late emission properties of SN 2001em, we need to invoke clumping of the gas to explain the low absorption at X-ray and radio wavelengths.
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astro-ph.HE 2years
2026 2verdicts
UNVERDICTED 2roles
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Late-time JWST spectra of SN 2023xgo detect cool silicate or carbonaceous dust masses of order 0.01-0.03 solar masses plus narrow He I emission indicating ongoing circumstellar interaction at +377 days.
citing papers explorer
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Old and Bright: The Remarkable Radio Brightening of the Engine-driven SN 2012au Several Years After Explosion Signals the Birth of a PWN
Late-time radio observations of SN 2012au show re-brightening best explained by emission from a newborn pulsar wind nebula rather than continued shock interaction with circumstellar material.
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JWST Reveals Large Reservoirs of Dust and Ongoing Circumstellar Interaction in SN Ibn/Icn 2023xgo over a Year Post-Explosion
Late-time JWST spectra of SN 2023xgo detect cool silicate or carbonaceous dust masses of order 0.01-0.03 solar masses plus narrow He I emission indicating ongoing circumstellar interaction at +377 days.