Proposal to use muon trident process with HEMERA detector on 10^18 TeV muons to extend B-factory and (g-2)μ bounds on leptophilic scalar couplings by over an order of magnitude.
Flavor-specific scalar mediators
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abstract
New singlet scalar bosons have broad phenomenological utility and feature prominently in many extensions of the Standard Model. Such scalars are often taken to have Higgs-like couplings to SM fermions in order to evade stringent flavor bounds, e.g. by assuming Minimal Flavor Violation (MFV), which leads to a rather characteristic phenomenology. Here we describe an alternative approach, based on an effective field theory framework for a new scalar that dominantly couples to one specific SM fermion mass eigenstate. A simple flavor hypothesis ensures adequate suppression of new flavor changing neutral currents. We consider radiatively generated flavor changing neutral currents and scalar potential terms in such theories, demonstrating that they are often suppressed by small Yukawa couplings, and also describe the role of $CP$ symmetry. We further demonstrate that such scalars can have masses that are significantly below the electroweak scale while still being natural, provided they are sufficiently weakly coupled to ordinary matter. In comparison to other flavor scenarios, our framework is rather versatile since a single (or a few) desired scalar couplings may be investigated in isolation. We illustrate this by discussing in detail the examples of an up-specific scalar mediator to dark matter and a muon-specific scalar that may address the $\sim 3 \sigma$ muon anomalous magnetic moment discrepancy.
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2026 6representative citing papers
No signal found in first search for eta to pi0 plus invisible dark scalar decay, setting branching fraction limits of (1.8-5.5)x10^-5 at 90% CL and improving DM-nucleon cross section bounds by ~5 orders of magnitude.
Neutron stars yield tighter bounds on muonic scalar and vector fifth forces (g_φμ ≲ 10^{-12}, g_Vμ ≲ 3×10^{-13} for m_X ≲ 100 keV) than SN 1987A, plus hydrostatic constraints for long-range cases.
A proposed LHC search using low-multiplicity jets plus a photon can extend sensitivity to GeV-scale particles that couple to light quarks.
A phenomenological 2-to-3 framework is constructed for exclusive boson electroproduction that matches flux-factorized predictions near Q^{2}=0 while capturing finite-Q^{2} effects at larger virtualities.
Xenon data constrain inelastic fermion DM with scalar mediator for sub-MeV mass splittings through endothermic and exothermic DM-electron scattering.
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