Any unified early and late dark energy scenario with a single tracking scalar field requires a potential with three distinct slopes arranged in a steep-steeper-shallow hierarchy.
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Alleviating the $H_0$ tension through the interacting dark energy model from quantum gravitational field theory in light of DESI DR2
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Recent DESI DR2 data has shown a significant preference for dynamical dark energy, yet this has further exacerbated the $H_0$ tension. In this work, we explore the potential of interacting dark energy models ($\widetilde{\Lambda}$CDM and $e\widetilde{\Lambda}$CDM) within the asymptotic-safety framework of quantum gravitational field theory to alleviate the $H_0$ tension. We perform observational constraints using the latest baryon acoustic oscillation data from DESI DR2, cosmic microwave background (CMB) data from Planck and ACT, and type Ia supernova data from DESY5 and PantheonPlus, as well as the SH0ES data. From our analysis, we observe the dynamical scale parameter of the cosmological constant, $\delta_{\Lambda} = -0.270\pm 0.100$, in the $e\widetilde{\Lambda}$CDM model using the CMB+DESI+SH0ES data, which deviates from $\Lambda$CDM at the $2.7\sigma$ level. Simultaneously, we find $H_0 = 70.84\pm 0.74~\mathrm{km\,s^{-1}\,Mpc^{-1}}$, reducing the $H_0$ tension to $1.7\sigma$. This increase in the inferred $H_0$ is due to the anti-correlation between $\delta_{\Lambda}$ and $H_0$, whereby a negative $\delta_{\Lambda}$ leads to a higher $H_0$ value. Furthermore, for the CMB+DESI+SH0ES combination, we obtain $\Delta\chi^2_{\min}=-14.14$ and $\Delta\mathrm{DIC}=-9.18$, favoring the $e\widetilde{\Lambda}$CDM model over $\Lambda$CDM. Overall, the $e\widetilde{\Lambda}$CDM model can improve the fit and ease the $H_0$ tension, especially for the data combinations that provide the strongest statistical support.
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N-body simulations of IDE with Q=ξHρ_x show scale-dependent deviations in the matter power spectrum, density morphology, and halo abundance that standard ΛCDM-calibrated prescriptions cannot reproduce.
Model-independent reconstruction shows that early-universe modifications resolving the Hubble tension exist at the background level, requiring a smooth ~15% pre-recombination expansion rate enhancement.
Nonlinear dark-sector interaction models with a half-saturation sparseness scale are observationally preferred over their linear counterparts at >95% confidence for two of three cases.
Two-field axion-like early dark energy reduces Hubble tension to 1.5 sigma residual and improves high-ell CMB fits over single-field models.
KiDS-Legacy weak lensing plus CMB data yields a 3 sigma deviation in light deflection from GR in a Lambda CDM background, with the signal driven by large-scale CMB lensing amplitudes.
EDE models increase inferred α_s from CMB data, strengthening tension with USR PBH models that predict negative running.
MEDE sets w(z)=-1-Δ tanh[log10((1+z)/(1+zt))] with fitted zt≈0.425 and Δ≈0.87, yielding ΔDIC=-9.29 versus ΛCDM on Planck+DESI+PantheonPlus while matching CPL performance.
Combining GWTC-4 standard sirens with TDCOSMO2025 lensing data under the distance sum rule yields H0 = 83.78 +12.53/-10.23 km/s/Mpc (13.6% precision) in one configuration, consistent with both Planck and SH0ES.
Accelerating scaling attractors without dark energy appear only when the interaction is controlled by DM density and energy flows from DM to a barotropic fluid.
New ACT and DESI data yield model-dependent upper limits on sum of neutrino masses, with holographic dark energy giving the tightest bounds and a consistent preference for degenerate hierarchy.
Forecasts that cross-correlating 3G GW dark sirens with CSST photometric galaxies yields 1.04% precision on H0 and 2.04% on Omega_m while also constraining GW clustering bias.
Exponential IR f(T) gravity Model I alleviates Hubble tension but is disfavoured by combined Planck/ACT/SPT+DESI+Pantheon+ data; Model II is ruled out because background constraints force unphysical shifts in CMB parameters.
Three nonlinear interacting dark energy models with a saturation ('sparseness') scale are constrained against late-time cosmological data, showing mild preference for nonzero sparseness but no decisive improvement over ΛCDM.
Bayesian joint constraints show that elevated star formation efficiency accounts for JWST high-z galaxy excess in flat Lambda CDM, without requiring deviations in dark energy equation of state or curvature.
The JCDM model yields H0 of 66.95 plus or minus 0.51 km/s/Mpc and Omega_m of 0.3419 plus or minus 0.0065 in a flat universe, rising to H0 of 69.13 plus or minus 0.56 with slight positive curvature, fitting late-time data but struggling with full early-universe consistency.
HDE models with future event horizon IR cutoff partially ease the Hubble tension while Hubble-scale cutoffs do not, consistent across six models and multiple BAO/SN/CMB combinations.
Two three-parameter extensions of the mAH dark energy parametrization are compared to LambdaCDM, wCDM, CPL and others using CMB, DESI BAO, H(z), RSD and three SNIa samples, yielding Delta chi-squared improvements of 6-38 and 2-5 sigma tensions with LambdaCDM.
DESI data hint that dark energy evolves (w0>−1, wa<0, phantom crossing) at 2.5–4.2σ, but the same expansion history can also be produced by interacting dark sectors, modified gravity, or non-cold dark matter.
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Any unified early and late dark energy scenario with a single tracking scalar field requires a potential with three distinct slopes arranged in a steep-steeper-shallow hierarchy.
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N-body simulations of IDE with Q=ξHρ_x show scale-dependent deviations in the matter power spectrum, density morphology, and halo abundance that standard ΛCDM-calibrated prescriptions cannot reproduce.
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Geometric Constraints on the Pre-Recombination Expansion History from the Hubble Tension
Model-independent reconstruction shows that early-universe modifications resolving the Hubble tension exist at the background level, requiring a smooth ~15% pre-recombination expansion rate enhancement.
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Saturation Mechanisms in the Interacting Dark Sector
Nonlinear dark-sector interaction models with a half-saturation sparseness scale are observationally preferred over their linear counterparts at >95% confidence for two of three cases.
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Double the axions, half the tension: multi-field early dark energy eases the Hubble tension
Two-field axion-like early dark energy reduces Hubble tension to 1.5 sigma residual and improves high-ell CMB fits over single-field models.
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Evidence for deviation in gravitational light deflection from general relativity at cosmological scales with KiDS-Legacy and CMB lensing
KiDS-Legacy weak lensing plus CMB data yields a 3 sigma deviation in light deflection from GR in a Lambda CDM background, with the signal driven by large-scale CMB lensing amplitudes.
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Running into tension: primordial black holes from ultra-slow-roll inflation, spectral running, and the Hubble tension
EDE models increase inferred α_s from CMB data, strengthening tension with USR PBH models that predict negative running.
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Metastability in Emergent Dark Energy: A New Framework Confronting Cosmological Observations
MEDE sets w(z)=-1-Δ tanh[log10((1+z)/(1+zt))] with fitted zt≈0.425 and Δ≈0.87, yielding ΔDIC=-9.29 versus ΛCDM on Planck+DESI+PantheonPlus while matching CPL performance.
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Model-independent H0 from GWTC-4 standard sirens and TDCOSMO 2025 strong lensing time delays
Combining GWTC-4 standard sirens with TDCOSMO2025 lensing data under the distance sum rule yields H0 = 83.78 +12.53/-10.23 km/s/Mpc (13.6% precision) in one configuration, consistent with both Planck and SH0ES.
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Accelerating scaling solutions from dark matter particle creation
Accelerating scaling attractors without dark energy appear only when the interaction is controlled by DM density and energy flows from DM to a barotropic fluid.
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Measuring neutrino mass in light of ACT DR6 and DESI DR2
New ACT and DESI data yield model-dependent upper limits on sum of neutrino masses, with holographic dark energy giving the tightest bounds and a consistent preference for degenerate hierarchy.
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Synergy between CSST and third-generation gravitational-wave detectors: Inferring cosmological parameters using cross-correlation of dark sirens and galaxies
Forecasts that cross-correlating 3G GW dark sirens with CSST photometric galaxies yields 1.04% precision on H0 and 2.04% on Omega_m while also constraining GW clustering bias.
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Cosmological Viability of Exponential Infrared $f(T)$ Gravity
Exponential IR f(T) gravity Model I alleviates Hubble tension but is disfavoured by combined Planck/ACT/SPT+DESI+Pantheon+ data; Model II is ruled out because background constraints force unphysical shifts in CMB parameters.
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Effective field theory interpretation of ATLAS measurements involving the Higgs boson, electroweak bosons and the top quark
Three nonlinear interacting dark energy models with a saturation ('sparseness') scale are constrained against late-time cosmological data, showing mild preference for nonzero sparseness but no decisive improvement over ΛCDM.
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Dark energy, spatial curvature, and star formation efficiency from JWST photometric and spectroscopic high-redshift galaxies
Bayesian joint constraints show that elevated star formation efficiency accounts for JWST high-z galaxy excess in flat Lambda CDM, without requiring deviations in dark energy equation of state or curvature.
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Cosmological constraints on the big bang quantum cosmology model
The JCDM model yields H0 of 66.95 plus or minus 0.51 km/s/Mpc and Omega_m of 0.3419 plus or minus 0.0065 in a flat universe, rising to H0 of 69.13 plus or minus 0.56 with slight positive curvature, fitting late-time data but struggling with full early-universe consistency.
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Revisiting the Hubble tension problem in the framework of holographic dark energy
HDE models with future event horizon IR cutoff partially ease the Hubble tension while Hubble-scale cutoffs do not, consistent across six models and multiple BAO/SN/CMB combinations.
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Beyond CPL: Evidence for dynamical dark energy in three-parameter models
Two three-parameter extensions of the mAH dark energy parametrization are compared to LambdaCDM, wCDM, CPL and others using CMB, DESI BAO, H(z), RSD and three SNIa samples, yielding Delta chi-squared improvements of 6-38 and 2-5 sigma tensions with LambdaCDM.
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Dark Energy in the DESI Era: A Brief Review of Evidence, Beyond-$\Lambda$CDM Interpretations, and Tensions
DESI data hint that dark energy evolves (w0>−1, wa<0, phantom crossing) at 2.5–4.2σ, but the same expansion history can also be produced by interacting dark sectors, modified gravity, or non-cold dark matter.