Hybrid hydro/direct N-body simulations of dense high-redshift gas clouds form very massive stars via runaway collisions that collapse to IMBHs capable of growing from ~6700 to ~62000 solar masses in 100 Myr under optimistic assumptions.
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2026 2verdicts
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Analytic estimates using a validated Fokker-Planck and runaway-collision framework predict IMBH masses of 100-4000 solar masses in JWST-observed high-redshift clusters, with higher values in compact low-metallicity systems.
citing papers explorer
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From Dense Gas Clouds to Supermassive Black Hole Seeds: Hybrid Hydro/Direct $N$-body Simulations of Runaway Collision-driven Intermediate-mass Black Hole Formation
Hybrid hydro/direct N-body simulations of dense high-redshift gas clouds form very massive stars via runaway collisions that collapse to IMBHs capable of growing from ~6700 to ~62000 solar masses in 100 Myr under optimistic assumptions.
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Formation of intermediate-mass black holes in young massive clusters detected with JWST: analytic mass estimates
Analytic estimates using a validated Fokker-Planck and runaway-collision framework predict IMBH masses of 100-4000 solar masses in JWST-observed high-redshift clusters, with higher values in compact low-metallicity systems.