New metrics KSS and KPS are introduced to evaluate multilingual machine unlearning quality and cross-language consistency in LLMs, addressing limitations of single-language evaluation protocols.
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DOLORES, an agent using a formal language for meta-reasoning to construct adaptive scaffolds on the fly, outperforms prior scaffolding methods by 24.8% on average across four hard benchmarks and multiple model sizes.
Post-Reasoning boosts LLM accuracy by reversing the usual answer-after-reasoning order, delivering mean relative gains of 17.37% across 117 model-benchmark pairs with zero extra cost.
AnchorSeg uses ordered query banks of latent reasoning tokens plus a spatial anchor token and a Token-Mask Cycle Consistency loss to achieve 67.7% gIoU and 68.1% cIoU on the ReasonSeg benchmark.
CognitiveBench reveals LLMs suffer representation overlap on joint cognitive tasks due to hierarchical structure; HyCoLLM in hyperbolic space fixes the mismatch and outperforms GPT-4o with far fewer parameters.
Magpie synthesizes 300K high-quality alignment instructions from Llama-3-Instruct via auto-regressive prompting on partial templates, enabling fine-tuned models to match official instruct performance on AlpacaEval, ArenaHard, and WildBench.
DeepSeek-V2 delivers top-tier open-source LLM performance using only 21B active parameters by compressing the KV cache 93.3% and cutting training costs 42.5% via MLA and DeepSeekMoE.
Medusa augments LLMs with multiple decoding heads and tree-based attention to predict and verify several tokens in parallel, yielding 2.2-3.6x inference speedup via two fine-tuning regimes.
PACE coordinates low-risk prompt evolution with validated higher-risk control-logic updates to improve frozen SLM agents on benchmarks without model retraining.
Single-prompt evaluations of instruction-tuned embedding models misrepresent performance and allow any model to be ranked first by favorable prompt choice.
An empirical red-teaming study measures political Overton Windows across more than 30 open-source LLMs from 10 families and finds left-leaning bias, inverse size correlation, regional variation, and variable jailbreak effectiveness.
SAGE reshapes the reverse-KL anchor via guide function q(x,y) for controllable empirical support expansion, yielding gains in both pass@1 and pass@k on math reasoning benchmarks.
Deep Pre-Alignment uses a small VLM perceiver instead of ViT to pre-align visual features with LLM text space, yielding 1.9-3.0 point gains on multimodal benchmarks and 32.9% less language forgetting.
MSIFR stops faulty LLM generations early via staged rule-based checks, reducing token consumption 11-78% with no accuracy loss.
ODRPO decomposes discrete rewards into ordinal binary indicators to create robust, variance-aware advantage estimators for noisy RLAIF in LLM alignment.
OPT-BENCH trains LLMs on NP-hard optimization via quality-aware RLVR, achieving 93.1% success rate and 46.6% quality ratio on Qwen2.5-7B while outperforming GPT-4o and transferring gains to other domains.
ZAYA1-8B is a reasoning MoE model with 700M active parameters that matches larger models on math and coding benchmarks and reaches 91.9% on AIME'25 via Markovian RSA test-time compute.
FlexSQL reaches 65.4% on Spider2-Snow by allowing agents to flexibly explore schemas, generate diverse plans, choose SQL or Python execution, and apply two-tiered repair.
A hypernetwork generates meta-gating parameters for SwiGLU blocks to let LLMs adapt their nonlinearity to arbitrary textual conditions, outperforming finetuning and meta-learning baselines with reasonable generalization to unseen cases.
LLMs often misalign their self-perceived need for tools with true need and utility, but lightweight estimators trained on hidden states can improve tool-calling decisions and task performance across multiple models and tasks.
DoTS decouples SFT and RLVR training then synthesizes their task vectors at inference time to match integrated training results at ~3% compute cost.
Unsupervised single-generation confidence calibration for reasoning LLMs via offline self-consistency proxy distillation outperforms baselines on math and QA tasks and improves selective prediction.
FUSE ensembles verifiers unsupervisedly by controlling their conditional dependencies to improve spectral ensembling algorithms, matching or exceeding semi-supervised baselines on benchmarks including GPQA Diamond and Humanity's Last Exam.
Recovering an orthogonal basis from model activations yields a model-native skill characterization that improves reasoning Pass@1 by up to 41% via targeted data selection and supports inference steering, outperforming human-characterized alternatives.
citing papers explorer
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Knowledge Beyond Language: Bridging the Gap in Multilingual Machine Unlearning Evaluation
New metrics KSS and KPS are introduced to evaluate multilingual machine unlearning quality and cross-language consistency in LLMs, addressing limitations of single-language evaluation protocols.
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Deep Reasoning in General Purpose Agents via Structured Meta-Cognition
DOLORES, an agent using a formal language for meta-reasoning to construct adaptive scaffolds on the fly, outperforms prior scaffolding methods by 24.8% on average across four hard benchmarks and multiple model sizes.
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Post Reasoning: Improving the Performance of Non-Thinking Models at No Cost
Post-Reasoning boosts LLM accuracy by reversing the usual answer-after-reasoning order, delivering mean relative gains of 17.37% across 117 model-benchmark pairs with zero extra cost.
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AnchorSeg: Language Grounded Query Banks for Reasoning Segmentation
AnchorSeg uses ordered query banks of latent reasoning tokens plus a spatial anchor token and a Token-Mask Cycle Consistency loss to achieve 67.7% gIoU and 68.1% cIoU on the ReasonSeg benchmark.
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Modeling Multi-Dimensional Cognitive States in Large Language Models under Cognitive Crowding
CognitiveBench reveals LLMs suffer representation overlap on joint cognitive tasks due to hierarchical structure; HyCoLLM in hyperbolic space fixes the mismatch and outperforms GPT-4o with far fewer parameters.
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Magpie: Alignment Data Synthesis from Scratch by Prompting Aligned LLMs with Nothing
Magpie synthesizes 300K high-quality alignment instructions from Llama-3-Instruct via auto-regressive prompting on partial templates, enabling fine-tuned models to match official instruct performance on AlpacaEval, ArenaHard, and WildBench.
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DeepSeek-V2: A Strong, Economical, and Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Language Model
DeepSeek-V2 delivers top-tier open-source LLM performance using only 21B active parameters by compressing the KV cache 93.3% and cutting training costs 42.5% via MLA and DeepSeekMoE.
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Medusa: Simple LLM Inference Acceleration Framework with Multiple Decoding Heads
Medusa augments LLMs with multiple decoding heads and tree-based attention to predict and verify several tokens in parallel, yielding 2.2-3.6x inference speedup via two fine-tuning regimes.
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PACE: Two-Timescale Self-Evolution for Small Language Model Agents
PACE coordinates low-risk prompt evolution with validated higher-risk control-logic updates to improve frozen SLM agents on benchmarks without model retraining.
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One prompt is not enough: Instruction Sensitivity Undermines Embedding Model Evaluation
Single-prompt evaluations of instruction-tuned embedding models misrepresent performance and allow any model to be ranked first by favorable prompt choice.
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How Far Will They Go? Red-Teaming Online Influence with Large Language Models
An empirical red-teaming study measures political Overton Windows across more than 30 open-source LLMs from 10 families and finds left-leaning bias, inverse size correlation, regional variation, and variable jailbreak effectiveness.
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SAGE: Shaping Anchors for Guided Exploration in RLVR of LLMs
SAGE reshapes the reverse-KL anchor via guide function q(x,y) for controllable empirical support expansion, yielding gains in both pass@1 and pass@k on math reasoning benchmarks.
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Deep Pre-Alignment for VLMs
Deep Pre-Alignment uses a small VLM perceiver instead of ViT to pre-align visual features with LLM text space, yielding 1.9-3.0 point gains on multimodal benchmarks and 32.9% less language forgetting.
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Know When To Fold 'Em: Token-Efficient LLM Synthetic Data Generation via Multi-Stage In-Flight Rejection
MSIFR stops faulty LLM generations early via staged rule-based checks, reducing token consumption 11-78% with no accuracy loss.
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ODRPO: Ordinal Decompositions of Discrete Rewards for Robust Policy Optimization
ODRPO decomposes discrete rewards into ordinal binary indicators to create robust, variance-aware advantage estimators for noisy RLAIF in LLM alignment.
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Forge: Quality-Aware Reinforcement Learning for NP-Hard Optimization in LLMs
OPT-BENCH trains LLMs on NP-hard optimization via quality-aware RLVR, achieving 93.1% success rate and 46.6% quality ratio on Qwen2.5-7B while outperforming GPT-4o and transferring gains to other domains.
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ZAYA1-8B Technical Report
ZAYA1-8B is a reasoning MoE model with 700M active parameters that matches larger models on math and coding benchmarks and reaches 91.9% on AIME'25 via Markovian RSA test-time compute.
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FlexSQL: Flexible Exploration and Execution Make Better Text-to-SQL Agents
FlexSQL reaches 65.4% on Spider2-Snow by allowing agents to flexibly explore schemas, generate diverse plans, choose SQL or Python execution, and apply two-tiered repair.
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Learn-to-learn on Arbitrary Textual Conditioning: A Hypernetwork-Driven Meta-Gated LLM
A hypernetwork generates meta-gating parameters for SwiGLU blocks to let LLMs adapt their nonlinearity to arbitrary textual conditions, outperforming finetuning and meta-learning baselines with reasonable generalization to unseen cases.
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To Call or Not to Call: A Framework to Assess and Optimize LLM Tool Calling
LLMs often misalign their self-perceived need for tools with true need and utility, but lightweight estimators trained on hidden states can improve tool-calling decisions and task performance across multiple models and tasks.
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Decouple before Integration: Test-time Synthesis of SFT and RLVR Task Vectors
DoTS decouples SFT and RLVR training then synthesizes their task vectors at inference time to match integrated training results at ~3% compute cost.
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Unsupervised Confidence Calibration for Reasoning LLMs from a Single Generation
Unsupervised single-generation confidence calibration for reasoning LLMs via offline self-consistency proxy distillation outperforms baselines on math and QA tasks and improves selective prediction.
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FUSE: Ensembling Verifiers with Zero Labeled Data
FUSE ensembles verifiers unsupervisedly by controlling their conditional dependencies to improve spectral ensembling algorithms, matching or exceeding semi-supervised baselines on benchmarks including GPQA Diamond and Humanity's Last Exam.
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Characterizing Model-Native Skills
Recovering an orthogonal basis from model activations yields a model-native skill characterization that improves reasoning Pass@1 by up to 41% via targeted data selection and supports inference steering, outperforming human-characterized alternatives.
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Does Math Reasoning Improve General LLM Capabilities? Understanding Transferability of LLM Reasoning
Math reasoning gains in LLMs rarely transfer to general domains; RL tuning generalizes while SFT causes forgetting and representation drift.
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Muon is Scalable for LLM Training
Muon optimizer with weight decay and update scaling achieves ~2x efficiency over AdamW for large LLMs, shown via the Moonlight 3B/16B MoE model trained on 5.7T tokens.
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LIMO: Less is More for Reasoning
LIMO achieves 63.3% on AIME24 and 95.6% on MATH500 via supervised fine-tuning on roughly 1% of the data used by prior models, supporting the claim that minimal strategic examples suffice when pre-training has already encoded domain knowledge.
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Flex Attention: A Programming Model for Generating Optimized Attention Kernels
FlexAttention supplies a compiler-driven interface that expresses common attention variants in a few lines of PyTorch and emits optimized kernels whose speed matches hand-written implementations.
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Quest: Query-Aware Sparsity for Efficient Long-Context LLM Inference
Quest speeds up long-context LLM self-attention by up to 2.23x via query-dependent selection of top-K critical KV cache pages, cutting overall latency by 7.03x with negligible accuracy loss.
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Self-RAG: Learning to Retrieve, Generate, and Critique through Self-Reflection
Self-RAG trains LLMs to adaptively retrieve passages on demand and self-critique using reflection tokens, outperforming ChatGPT and retrieval-augmented Llama2 on QA, reasoning, and fact verification.
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torchtune: PyTorch native post-training library
torchtune is a modular PyTorch library for LLM post-training that delivers competitive performance and memory efficiency while supporting rapid research iteration through hackable components.
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CRAFT: Critic-Refined Adaptive Key-Frame Targeting for Multimodal Video Question Answering
CRAFT introduces a query-conditioned pipeline with dynamic keyframe selection, ASR, and a hybrid critic loop that achieves top scores on MAGMaR 2026 for grounded multi-video question answering.
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Safety Geometry Collapse in Multimodal LLMs and Adaptive Drift Correction
Multimodal LLMs suffer Safety Geometry Collapse from modality-induced drift that reduces refusal separability; ReGap corrects drift at inference time using self-rectification signals to restore safety without retraining.
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D$^2$Evo: Dual Difficulty-Aware Self-Evolution for Data-Efficient Reinforcement Learning
D²Evo mines medium-difficulty anchors from the current model, trains a Questioner to generate matching questions, and jointly optimizes Solver and Questioner for progressive gains, outperforming baselines on math reasoning with under 2K real samples.
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LayerBoost: Layer-Aware Attention Reduction for Efficient LLMs
LayerBoost selectively replaces or removes attention in non-critical transformer layers to cut inference latency up to 68% while recovering quality via brief distillation.
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Can Continual Pre-training Bridge the Performance Gap between General-purpose and Specialized Language Models in the Medical Domain?
Continual pre-training on a German medical corpus lets 7B models close much of the performance gap with 24B general models on medical benchmarks, though merging introduces some language mixing and verbosity.
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Step-Video-T2V Technical Report: The Practice, Challenges, and Future of Video Foundation Model
Step-Video-T2V describes a 30B-parameter text-to-video model with custom Video-VAE, 3D DiT, flow matching, and Video-DPO that claims state-of-the-art results on a new internal benchmark.
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DeepSeek LLM: Scaling Open-Source Language Models with Longtermism
DeepSeek LLM 67B exceeds LLaMA-2 70B on code, mathematics and reasoning benchmarks after pre-training on 2 trillion tokens and alignment via SFT and DPO.