New simulations show that cross-correlating gravitational wave background anisotropies with galaxy distributions can enable discovery at angular scales of 4-6 degrees with next-generation observatories.
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What new physics can we extract from inflation using the ACT DR6 and DESI DR2 Observations? In: 2025
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abstract
We present a comprehensive analysis of inflationary models in light of projected sensitivities from forthcoming CMB and gravitational wave experiments, incorporating data from recent ACT DR6, DESI DR2, CMB-S4, LiteBIRD, and SPHEREx. Focusing on precise predictions in the $(n_s, \alpha_s, \beta_s)$ parameter space, we evaluate a broad class of inflationary scenarios -- including canonical single-field models, non-minimally coupled theories, and string-inspired constructions such as Starobinsky, Higgs, Hilltop, $\alpha$-attractors, and D-brane models. Our results show that next-generation observations will sharply constrain the scale dependence of the scalar power spectrum, elevating $\alpha_s$ and $\beta_s$ as key discriminants between large-field and small-field dynamics. Strikingly, several widely studied models -- such as quartic Hilltop inflation and specific DBI variants -- are forecast to be excluded at high significance. We further demonstrate that the combined measurement of $\beta_s$ and the field excursion $\Delta\phi$ offers a novel diagnostic of kinetic structure and UV sensitivity. These findings underscore the power of upcoming precision cosmology to probe the microphysical origin of inflation and decisively test broad classes of theoretical models.
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Nonminimal derivative coupling realizes the Harrison-Zeldovich attractor for monomial, hilltop, and α-attractor E-models, pulling them to the scale-invariant spectrum suggested by ACT data.
EDE models increase inferred α_s from CMB data, strengthening tension with USR PBH models that predict negative running.
Polynomial α-attractor P-models of inflation accommodate Planck and Planck+ACT CMB data for ranges of reheating temperatures when decays and fragmentation are included.
A Palatini-supergravity Higgs-inflation model with induced gravity predicts a scalar spectral index ns≈0.972-0.974, consistent with ACT DR6, and favors split supersymmetry with gravitino mass 40-60 PeV.
Four Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet inflationary models are reconstructed from a chosen tensor-to-scalar ratio and shown to satisfy ACT and GW170817 constraints including scalar perturbation amplitude.
Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet inflation can yield positive spectral-index running with a viable era under ACT-like hints, while scalar-field and F(R) models largely cannot.
MCMC analysis of sixteen ghost-free f(R,G) inflation models shows all reproduce ns ≈ 0.97 at 60 e-folds with stable μ ≈ 0.1, preference set by Hubble parametrization.
Three standard inflationary potentials remain compatible with Planck, BICEP/Keck, DESI DR2, and ACT DR6 data when placed in minimally coupled f(R,T)=R+16πGλT gravity for suitable ranges of the model parameters and coupling λ.
citing papers explorer
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Prospects for multi-messenger discovery of the gravitational-wave background anisotropies via cross-correlation with galaxies
New simulations show that cross-correlating gravitational wave background anisotropies with galaxy distributions can enable discovery at angular scales of 4-6 degrees with next-generation observatories.
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Harrison-Zeldovich attractor: From Planck to ACT results
Nonminimal derivative coupling realizes the Harrison-Zeldovich attractor for monomial, hilltop, and α-attractor E-models, pulling them to the scale-invariant spectrum suggested by ACT data.
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Running into tension: primordial black holes from ultra-slow-roll inflation, spectral running, and the Hubble tension
EDE models increase inferred α_s from CMB data, strengthening tension with USR PBH models that predict negative running.
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Testing $\alpha$-attractor P-model of inflation by Cosmic Microwave Background radiation
Polynomial α-attractor P-models of inflation accommodate Planck and Planck+ACT CMB data for ranges of reheating temperatures when decays and fragmentation are included.
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Induced-Gravity Palatini-Like Higgs Inflation in Supergravity Confronts ACT DR6
A Palatini-supergravity Higgs-inflation model with induced gravity predicts a scalar spectral index ns≈0.972-0.974, consistent with ACT DR6, and favors split supersymmetry with gravitino mass 40-60 PeV.
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Reconstructing ACT-compatible and GW170817-compatible Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Inflation from the Observational Indices
Four Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet inflationary models are reconstructed from a chosen tensor-to-scalar ratio and shown to satisfy ACT and GW170817 constraints including scalar perturbation amplitude.
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ACT Data and Positive Running of the Spectral Index for Scalar Theory and Modified Gravity
Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet inflation can yield positive spectral-index running with a viable era under ACT-like hints, while scalar-field and F(R) models largely cannot.
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String-inspired Gauss-Bonnet Gravity Inflation and ACT
MCMC analysis of sixteen ghost-free f(R,G) inflation models shows all reproduce ns ≈ 0.97 at 60 e-folds with stable μ ≈ 0.1, preference set by Hubble parametrization.
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Inflationary models in a minimally coupled $f(R,T)$ gravity: Constraints from $Planck$, BICEP/$Keck$, and ACT
Three standard inflationary potentials remain compatible with Planck, BICEP/Keck, DESI DR2, and ACT DR6 data when placed in minimally coupled f(R,T)=R+16πGλT gravity for suitable ranges of the model parameters and coupling λ.