A statistical reanalysis of 143 Y_p determinations from 1960s-2022 reveals long-term convergence with change points in the mid-2000s and early 2010s, plus significant non-independence among many extragalactic H II region measurements.
The primordial helium abundance from updated emissivities
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abstract
Observations of metal-poor extragalactic H II regions allow the determination of the primordial helium abundance, Y_p. The He I emissivities are the foundation of the model of the H II region's emission. Porter, Ferland, Storey, & Detisch (2012) have recently published updated He I emissivities based on improved photoionization cross-sections. We incorporate these new atomic data and update our recent Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis of the dataset published by Izotov, Thuan, & Stasinska (2007). As before, cuts are made to promote quality and reliability, and only solutions which fit the data within 95% confidence level are used to determine the primordial He abundance. The previously qualifying dataset is almost entirely retained and with strong concordance between the physical parameters. Overall, an upward bias from the new emissivities leads to a decrease in Y_p. In addition, we find a general trend to larger uncertainties in individual objects (due to changes in the emissivities) and an increased variance (due to additional objects included). From a regression to zero metallicity, we determine Y_p = 0.2465 +/- 0.0097, in good agreement with the Planck result of Y_p = 0.2485 +/- 0.0002. In the future, a better understanding of why a large fraction of spectra are not well fit by the model will be crucial to achieving an increase in the precision of the primordial helium abundance determination.
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New upper bounds on millicharged particles (masses 10-100 keV, charges down to 5e-13) from the AGB-to-HB star ratio in globular clusters, improving prior limits by up to two orders of magnitude.
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Fifty years of primordial helium abundances: A statistical reanalysis
A statistical reanalysis of 143 Y_p determinations from 1960s-2022 reveals long-term convergence with change points in the mid-2000s and early 2010s, plus significant non-independence among many extragalactic H II region measurements.
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Millicharged Particle Constraints from Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars
New upper bounds on millicharged particles (masses 10-100 keV, charges down to 5e-13) from the AGB-to-HB star ratio in globular clusters, improving prior limits by up to two orders of magnitude.