Introduces echo signatures from vector long-lived particles in nucleon decay, showing high geometric acceptance up to 80% in Super-K, Hyper-K and JUNO for a range of decay lengths.
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A complete basis of dimension-9 operators for three-lepton nucleon decays is constructed, matched to chiral perturbation theory, and constrained by experimental limits.
Bounds on nucleon decays to three leptons are obtained from dim-6 LEFT Wilson coefficients constrained by two-body BNV limits, yielding results several orders of magnitude different from prior phase-space estimates for Δ(B-L)=0 modes.
In SMEFT, the (B-L)-violating decay n → K⁺ℓ⁻ appears at dimension seven while the conserving n → K⁻ℓ⁺ requires dimension ten and is accompanied by lower-dimensional (B+L)-violating modes, so n → Kℓ without modes like p → π⁰ℓ⁺ suggests (B-L) violation.
Global EFT analysis without single-operator dominance improves lifetime bounds on charged-lepton three-body nucleon decays by over three orders of magnitude and sets first limits around 10^34 years for neutrino modes.
Using LEFT operators and chiral PT, the authors derive improved partial lifetime bounds for 31 three-body BNV nucleon decay modes by constraining Wilson coefficients from two-body experimental data.
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$n \to K\ell$ and the baryon asymmetry of the universe
In SMEFT, the (B-L)-violating decay n → K⁺ℓ⁻ appears at dimension seven while the conserving n → K⁻ℓ⁺ requires dimension ten and is accompanied by lower-dimensional (B+L)-violating modes, so n → Kℓ without modes like p → π⁰ℓ⁺ suggests (B-L) violation.