A 5B-parameter latent diffusion model generates real-time four-player Rocket League matches conditioned on all players' actions, staying stable far beyond its training horizon.
Learnings from scaling visual tokenizers for reconstruction and generation
10 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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Pith papers citing it
abstract
Visual tokenization via auto-encoding empowers state-of-the-art image and video generative models by compressing pixels into a latent space. Although scaling Transformer-based generators has been central to recent advances, the tokenizer component itself is rarely scaled, leaving open questions about how auto-encoder design choices influence both its objective of reconstruction and downstream generative performance. Our work aims to conduct an exploration of scaling in auto-encoders to fill in this blank. To facilitate this exploration, we replace the typical convolutional backbone with an enhanced Vision Transformer architecture for Tokenization (ViTok). We train ViTok on large-scale image and video datasets far exceeding ImageNet-1K, removing data constraints on tokenizer scaling. We first study how scaling the auto-encoder bottleneck affects both reconstruction and generation -- and find that while it is highly correlated with reconstruction, its relationship with generation is more complex. We next explored the effect of separately scaling the auto-encoders' encoder and decoder on reconstruction and generation performance. Crucially, we find that scaling the encoder yields minimal gains for either reconstruction or generation, while scaling the decoder boosts reconstruction but the benefits for generation are mixed. Building on our exploration, we design ViTok as a lightweight auto-encoder that achieves competitive performance with state-of-the-art auto-encoders on ImageNet-1K and COCO reconstruction tasks (256p and 512p) while outperforming existing auto-encoders on 16-frame 128p video reconstruction for UCF-101, all with 2-5x fewer FLOPs. When integrated with Diffusion Transformers, ViTok demonstrates competitive performance on image generation for ImageNet-1K and sets new state-of-the-art benchmarks for class-conditional video generation on UCF-101.
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SelfBootTok decomposes image tokens into global and local groups via self-bootstrapped learning, enabling generators to use only global tokens for ~40% less computation and a new SOTA gFID of 1.56 with 64 tokens.
LiVeAction is a lightweight asymmetric neural codec using an FFT-inspired encoder and variance-based training that outperforms generative tokenizers in rate-distortion while supporting real-time use on resource-constrained sensors across modalities.
VFMTok builds a generalist image tokenizer on frozen VFMs using adaptive quantization and semantic alignment, delivering gFID 1.36 for autoregressive and 1.25 for continuous generation on ImageNet with 3x faster convergence.
Yeti is a compact tokenizer for protein structures that delivers strong codebook use, token diversity, and reconstruction while enabling from-scratch multimodal generation of plausible sequences and structures with 10x fewer parameters than ESM3.
Prior-Aligned AutoEncoders shape latent manifolds with spatial coherence, local continuity, and global semantics to improve latent diffusion, achieving SOTA gFID 1.03 on ImageNet 256x256 with up to 13x faster convergence.
ViTok-v2 is a 5B-parameter native-resolution image autoencoder using NaFlex and DINOv3 loss that matches or exceeds prior tokenizers at 256p and outperforms them at 512p and above while advancing the Pareto frontier in joint scaling with generators.
A frequency-based latent compression method for video VAEs yields higher reconstruction quality than channel-reduction baselines at fixed compression ratios.
TC-AE improves reconstruction and generative performance in deep compression by decomposing token-to-latent compression into two stages and using joint self-supervised training.
Flow Marching jointly samples noise and physical time to learn a velocity field for generative PDE modeling, paired with a latent autoencoder and efficient transformer for large-scale pretraining on 2.5M trajectories.
citing papers explorer
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Multiplayer Interactive World Models with Representation Autoencoders
A 5B-parameter latent diffusion model generates real-time four-player Rocket League matches conditioned on all players' actions, staying stable far beyond its training horizon.
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Balancing Image Compression and Generation with Bootstrapped Tokenization
SelfBootTok decomposes image tokens into global and local groups via self-bootstrapped learning, enabling generators to use only global tokens for ~40% less computation and a new SOTA gFID of 1.56 with 64 tokens.
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LiVeAction: a Lightweight, Versatile, and Asymmetric Neural Codec Design for Real-time Operation
LiVeAction is a lightweight asymmetric neural codec using an FFT-inspired encoder and variance-based training that outperforms generative tokenizers in rate-distortion while supporting real-time use on resource-constrained sensors across modalities.
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Vision Foundation Models as Generalist Tokenizers for Image Generation
VFMTok builds a generalist image tokenizer on frozen VFMs using adaptive quantization and semantic alignment, delivering gFID 1.36 for autoregressive and 1.25 for continuous generation on ImageNet with 3x faster convergence.
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Yeti: A compact protein structure tokenizer for reconstruction and multi-modal generation
Yeti is a compact tokenizer for protein structures that delivers strong codebook use, token diversity, and reconstruction while enabling from-scratch multimodal generation of plausible sequences and structures with 10x fewer parameters than ESM3.
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What Matters for Diffusion-Friendly Latent Manifold? Prior-Aligned Autoencoders for Latent Diffusion
Prior-Aligned AutoEncoders shape latent manifolds with spatial coherence, local continuity, and global semantics to improve latent diffusion, achieving SOTA gFID 1.03 on ImageNet 256x256 with up to 13x faster convergence.
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ViTok-v2: Scaling Native Resolution Auto-Encoders to 5 Billion Parameters
ViTok-v2 is a 5B-parameter native-resolution image autoencoder using NaFlex and DINOv3 loss that matches or exceeds prior tokenizers at 256p and outperforms them at 512p and above while advancing the Pareto frontier in joint scaling with generators.
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Latent-Compressed Variational Autoencoder for Video Diffusion Models
A frequency-based latent compression method for video VAEs yields higher reconstruction quality than channel-reduction baselines at fixed compression ratios.
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TC-AE: Unlocking Token Capacity for Deep Compression Autoencoders
TC-AE improves reconstruction and generative performance in deep compression by decomposing token-to-latent compression into two stages and using joint self-supervised training.
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Flow marching for a generative PDE foundation model
Flow Marching jointly samples noise and physical time to learn a velocity field for generative PDE modeling, paired with a latent autoencoder and efficient transformer for large-scale pretraining on 2.5M trajectories.