LAGO achieves state-of-the-art zero-shot performance with fewer image regions by using class-agnostic object discovery followed by confidence-controlled language-guided refinement and dual-channel aggregation.
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Image-of- thought prompting for visual reasoning refinement in multimodal large language models
Canonical reference. 83% of citing Pith papers cite this work as background.
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abstract
Recent advancements in Chain-of-Thought (CoT) and related rationale-based works have significantly improved the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in complex reasoning tasks. With the evolution of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), enhancing their capability to tackle complex multimodal reasoning problems is a crucial frontier. However, incorporating multimodal rationales in CoT has yet to be thoroughly investigated. We propose the Image-of-Thought (IoT) prompting method, which helps MLLMs to extract visual rationales step-by-step. Specifically, IoT prompting can automatically design critical visual information extraction operations based on the input images and questions. Each step of visual information refinement identifies specific visual rationales that support answers to complex visual reasoning questions. Beyond the textual CoT, IoT simultaneously utilizes visual and textual rationales to help MLLMs understand complex multimodal information. IoT prompting has improved zero-shot visual reasoning performance across various visual understanding tasks in different MLLMs. Moreover, the step-by-step visual feature explanations generated by IoT prompting elucidate the visual reasoning process, aiding in analyzing the cognitive processes of large multimodal models
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AnchorSeg uses ordered query banks of latent reasoning tokens plus a spatial anchor token and a Token-Mask Cycle Consistency loss to achieve 67.7% gIoU and 68.1% cIoU on the ReasonSeg benchmark.
A training-free Visual Chain-of-Thought framework reconstructs high-fidelity 3D meshes from single images and iteratively synthesizes optimal novel views to enhance MLLM spatial comprehension on benchmarks like 3DSRBench.
Modeling sparse visual state updates instead of full images cuts generated visual tokens ~55.6% and improves interleaved multimodal reasoning over full-image ULMMs.
SpecFlow represents intermediate visual thoughts in fixed-size DCT space and uses classifier-free guidance to steer updates from textual thoughts, achieving up to 2.1x lower computation and KV cache costs.
VESTA introduces dynamic tool creation for VLMs that outperforms static-tool and no-tool baselines on distribution fitting, time series, and astronomy tasks in the new DAWN benchmark.
Vision-OPD transfers an MLLM's privileged regional perception to its full-image policy through on-policy token-level self-distillation, yielding competitive results on fine-grained visual benchmarks.
Visual latents in MLLMs are systematically silenced by autoregressive training but can be unsilenced at inference via query-guided contrastive alignment followed by a confidence-progression reward.
Mull-Tokens are modality-agnostic latent tokens that enable free-form multimodal thinking and deliver up to 16% gains on spatial reasoning benchmarks.
GoViG decomposes goal-conditioned navigation instruction generation into visual state prediction and instruction synthesis using an autoregressive multimodal LLM with one-pass and interleaved reasoning, showing gains on a new R2R-Goal dataset.
ViGoRL introduces visually grounded RL that anchors reasoning steps to image coordinates and uses multi-turn zooming to outperform standard RL and supervised baselines on spatial and GUI reasoning benchmarks.
The survey formalizes MLLM perception as a unified vision-language capability and traces its evolution via a new five-stage taxonomy while outlining future challenges.
MoVT unifies different visual reasoning modes in a single model and uses the AdaVaR two-stage framework with supervised cold-start and RL via AdaGRPO to enable context-adaptive mode selection, yielding consistent gains on visual reasoning tasks.
A position and survey paper that identifies convergence between neuroscience, AGI, and neuromorphic computing and outlines four key integration challenges.
The paper provides the first comprehensive survey of multimodal chain-of-thought reasoning, including foundational concepts, a taxonomy of methodologies, application analyses, challenges, and future directions.
citing papers explorer
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LAGO: Language-Guided Adaptive Object-Region Focus for Zero-Shot Visual-Text Alignment
LAGO achieves state-of-the-art zero-shot performance with fewer image regions by using class-agnostic object discovery followed by confidence-controlled language-guided refinement and dual-channel aggregation.
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AnchorSeg: Language Grounded Query Banks for Reasoning Segmentation
AnchorSeg uses ordered query banks of latent reasoning tokens plus a spatial anchor token and a Token-Mask Cycle Consistency loss to achieve 67.7% gIoU and 68.1% cIoU on the ReasonSeg benchmark.
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Enhancing MLLM Spatial Understanding via Active 3D Scene Exploration for Multi-Perspective Reasoning
A training-free Visual Chain-of-Thought framework reconstructs high-fidelity 3D meshes from single images and iteratively synthesizes optimal novel views to enhance MLLM spatial comprehension on benchmarks like 3DSRBench.
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DeltaV: Thinking with Visual State Updates in Unified Large Multimodal Models
Modeling sparse visual state updates instead of full images cuts generated visual tokens ~55.6% and improves interleaved multimodal reasoning over full-image ULMMs.
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Spectral-Progressive Thought Flow for Lightweight Multimodal Reasoning
SpecFlow represents intermediate visual thoughts in fixed-size DCT space and uses classifier-free guidance to steer updates from textual thoughts, achieving up to 2.1x lower computation and KV cache costs.
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VESTA: Visual Exploration with Statistical Tool Agents
VESTA introduces dynamic tool creation for VLMs that outperforms static-tool and no-tool baselines on distribution fitting, time series, and astronomy tasks in the new DAWN benchmark.
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Vision-OPD: Learning to See Fine Details for Multimodal LLMs via On-Policy Self-Distillation
Vision-OPD transfers an MLLM's privileged regional perception to its full-image policy through on-policy token-level self-distillation, yielding competitive results on fine-grained visual benchmarks.
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Visual Latents Know More Than They Say: Unsilencing Latent Reasoning in MLLMs
Visual latents in MLLMs are systematically silenced by autoregressive training but can be unsilenced at inference via query-guided contrastive alignment followed by a confidence-progression reward.
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Mull-Tokens: Modality-Agnostic Latent Thinking
Mull-Tokens are modality-agnostic latent tokens that enable free-form multimodal thinking and deliver up to 16% gains on spatial reasoning benchmarks.
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GoViG: Goal-Conditioned Visual Navigation Instruction Generation via Multimodal Reasoning
GoViG decomposes goal-conditioned navigation instruction generation into visual state prediction and instruction synthesis using an autoregressive multimodal LLM with one-pass and interleaved reasoning, showing gains on a new R2R-Goal dataset.
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Grounded Reinforcement Learning for Visual Reasoning
ViGoRL introduces visually grounded RL that anchors reasoning steps to image coordinates and uses multi-turn zooming to outperform standard RL and supervised baselines on spatial and GUI reasoning benchmarks.
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From Structure to Synergy: A Survey of Vision-Language Perception Paradigm Evolution in Multimodal Large Language Models
The survey formalizes MLLM perception as a unified vision-language capability and traces its evolution via a new five-stage taxonomy while outlining future challenges.
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Mixture-of-Visual-Thoughts: Exploring Context-Adaptive Reasoning Mode Selection for General Visual Reasoning
MoVT unifies different visual reasoning modes in a single model and uses the AdaVaR two-stage framework with supervised cold-start and RL via AdaGRPO to enable context-adaptive mode selection, yielding consistent gains on visual reasoning tasks.
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Bridging Brains and Machines: A Unified Frontier in Neuroscience, Artificial Intelligence, and Neuromorphic Systems
A position and survey paper that identifies convergence between neuroscience, AGI, and neuromorphic computing and outlines four key integration challenges.
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Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Reasoning: A Comprehensive Survey
The paper provides the first comprehensive survey of multimodal chain-of-thought reasoning, including foundational concepts, a taxonomy of methodologies, application analyses, challenges, and future directions.