Polarization angle swings in photons near a Kerr black hole during ringdown lock in time to quasi-normal modes with amplitudes up to about 10 degrees.
Polarized image of equatorial emission in the Kerr geometry
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Near-horizon synchrotron polarization in Kerr spacetime admits a distinct analytic form where the leading-order pattern depends only on spin and polar angle under stationary axisymmetric degenerate EM field assumptions.
Kerr-BR black hole images with magnetically coupled synchrotron emissivity show spin- and B-dependent shifts in the inner disk edge, altered lensing rings, and Doppler asymmetries, with retrograde cases displaying wider central depletion.
Numerical backward ray-tracing shows that the inner shadow size shrinks with the Gauss-Bonnet coupling while polarization direction near the shadow and photon ring shifts noticeably, and combining both observables yields stronger constraints than either alone.