JWST spectra of EC 53 indicate CO fundamental and H2O bending absorption weaken by ~2 during burst due to continuum dilution, with relative veiling yielding hot-continuum ratios of 2.9 and 1.71 and viscous-disk accretion-rate ratios of ~3.6 and ~2.0.
EPISODE IV: Ice Inventory in the Envelope of EC 53
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abstract
We present the 1.6$-$28 $\mu$m spectra of the young protostar EC 53, obtained with JWST NIRSpec IFU and MIRI MRS during the quiescent and burst phases of its periodic brightness variations. To isolate ice absorption features, we modeled and removed the mid-infrared silicate dust absorption using a dedicated continuum-fitting procedure. In the optical depth spectrum, we first fit the broad H$_2$O ice features and then decomposed the major ice components, including NH$_3$, CO$_2$, CH$_3$OH, CO, and CH$_4$, by matching laboratory profiles for both pure and H$_2$O-mixed ices. The 4.62 $\mu$m and 6.85 $\mu$m bands are attributed to OCN$^-$ and NH$_4^+$ ions, respectively. Minor or tentative contributions from complex species (HCOOH, H$_2$CO, CH$_3$COOH, CH$_3$CHO, CH$_3$CH$_2$OH, and NH$_2$CHO) are also considered to our global ice analysis. The silicate-corrected spectra reveal no measurable change in any ice absorption band between the two phases, indicating that moderate and short-period accretion bursts in EC~53 do not significantly alter the physical or chemical state of the ices within its envelope. The derived abundances of these major species relative to H$_2$O significantly exceed the values typically observed toward other embedded protostars. Finally, we place the ice inventory of EC~53 in the context of other protostellar systems observed with JWST, highlighting that its chemically rich, thermally quiescent ice reservoir provides a benchmark for studying ice evolution under episodic accretion.
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EPISODE II: Variability in the CO and H$_2$O rovibrational absorption lines in a periodically variable protostar EC 53
JWST spectra of EC 53 indicate CO fundamental and H2O bending absorption weaken by ~2 during burst due to continuum dilution, with relative veiling yielding hot-continuum ratios of 2.9 and 1.71 and viscous-disk accretion-rate ratios of ~3.6 and ~2.0.