Non-quantized gravity models that preserve Galilean invariance and reproduce Newtonian interaction on average require a minimal noise injection to remain non-entangling.
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Gravitationally-induced entanglement between two massive particles is sufficient evidence of quantum effects in gravity
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abstract
All existing quantum gravity proposals share the same deep problem. Their predictions are extremely hard to test in practice. Quantum effects in the gravitational field are exceptionally small, unlike those in the electromagnetic field. The fundamental reason is that the gravitational coupling constant is about 43 orders of magnitude smaller than the fine structure constant, which governs light-matter interactions. For example, the detection of gravitons -- the hypothetical quanta of energy of the gravitational field predicted by certain quantum-gravity proposals -- is deemed to be practically impossible. In this letter we adopt a radically different, quantum-information-theoretic approach which circumvents the problem that quantum gravity is hard to test. We propose an experiment to witness quantum-like features in the gravitational field, by probing it with two masses each in a superposition of two locations. First, we prove the fact that any system (e.g. a field) capable of mediating entanglement between two quantum systems must itself be quantum. This argument is general and does not rely on any specific dynamics. Then, we propose an experiment to detect the entanglement generated between two masses via gravitational interaction. By our argument, the degree of entanglement between the masses is an indirect witness of the quantisation of the field mediating the interaction. Remarkably, this experiment does not require any quantum control over gravity itself. It is also closer to realisation than other proposals, such as detecting gravitons or detecting quantum gravitational vacuum fluctuations.
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QGEM signals show stable hierarchy ADD > gapped continuum > RSII at submillimeter distances, with normalized phase profiles discriminating RSII from the other two models.
A PPT witness criterion is proposed to detect graviton-mediated entanglement between photons and matter qubits, attaining a maximal negativity of -0.052 for non-maximally entangled states when the photon coherent-state overlap satisfies 0.71 ≤ |γ| < 1.
Decoherence with a hidden environment in fully quantum systems produces effective non-Markovian classical-quantum dynamics, valid when the semi-Wigner operator remains positive semidefinite, reducing to Markovian CQ models in the short-memory limit.
Computes UV-finite noise spectra in interferometers from graviton fluctuations in vacuum/thermal/squeezed states and from massless scalar vacuum stress-energy, all Planck-suppressed.
Entanglement through Newtonian potentials does not imply gravitons unless retardation effects are detected.
Field leakage into ER=EPR wormholes modifies hydrogen hyperfine splitting and may induce net charge, yielding constraints from existing precision data.
Postquantum classical gravity requires stochastic spacetime fluctuations consisting of a diffusing spin-2 field and spin-0 scalar whose noise is constrained by LISA Pathfinder and decoherence bounds.
Quantum spacetime with a non-commutative dual explains the fixed Born rule of quantum theory and leads to gravitized quantum mechanics featuring dynamical probabilities and higher-order interference.
Extends prior two-photon formalism to compute true motion and optimal cooling in multi-DOF GW detector test masses, finding sub-unity occupation numbers possible over the oscillator bandwidth for common definitions.
citing papers explorer
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Minimal noise in non-quantized gravity
Non-quantized gravity models that preserve Galilean invariance and reproduce Newtonian interaction on average require a minimal noise injection to remain non-entangling.
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Entanglement probes of gravitational Kaluza-Klein spectra: signal hierarchy and model discrimination
QGEM signals show stable hierarchy ADD > gapped continuum > RSII at submillimeter distances, with normalized phase profiles discriminating RSII from the other two models.
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Witnessing entanglement between photon and matter due to graviton exchange
A PPT witness criterion is proposed to detect graviton-mediated entanglement between photons and matter qubits, attaining a maximal negativity of -0.052 for non-maximally entangled states when the photon coherent-state overlap satisfies 0.71 ≤ |γ| < 1.
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Emergence of Non-Markovian Classical-Quantum Dynamics from Decoherence
Decoherence with a hidden environment in fully quantum systems produces effective non-Markovian classical-quantum dynamics, valid when the semi-Wigner operator remains positive semidefinite, reducing to Markovian CQ models in the short-memory limit.
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Geometric noise spectrum in interferometers
Computes UV-finite noise spectra in interferometers from graviton fluctuations in vacuum/thermal/squeezed states and from massless scalar vacuum stress-energy, all Planck-suppressed.
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When does entanglement through gravity imply gravitons?
Entanglement through Newtonian potentials does not imply gravitons unless retardation effects are detected.
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Testing ER = EPR with Hydrogen
Field leakage into ER=EPR wormholes modifies hydrogen hyperfine splitting and may induce net charge, yielding constraints from existing precision data.
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Stochastic modes in postquantum classical gravity
Postquantum classical gravity requires stochastic spacetime fluctuations consisting of a diffusing spin-2 field and spin-0 scalar whose noise is constrained by LISA Pathfinder and decoherence bounds.
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Quantum Spacetime, Quantum Gravity and Gravitized Quantum Theory
Quantum spacetime with a non-commutative dual explains the fixed Born rule of quantum theory and leads to gravitized quantum mechanics featuring dynamical probabilities and higher-order interference.
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True and apparent motion of optomechanical resonators, with applications to feedback cooling of gravitational wave detector test masses
Extends prior two-photon formalism to compute true motion and optimal cooling in multi-DOF GW detector test masses, finding sub-unity occupation numbers possible over the oscillator bandwidth for common definitions.