Zero-Run auditing supplies valid lower bounds on differential privacy parameters from fixed member and non-member datasets by modeling and correcting distribution-shift confounding via causal-inference techniques.
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LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models
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We introduce LLaMA, a collection of foundation language models ranging from 7B to 65B parameters. We train our models on trillions of tokens, and show that it is possible to train state-of-the-art models using publicly available datasets exclusively, without resorting to proprietary and inaccessible datasets. In particular, LLaMA-13B outperforms GPT-3 (175B) on most benchmarks, and LLaMA-65B is competitive with the best models, Chinchilla-70B and PaLM-540B. We release all our models to the research community.
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- abstract We introduce LLaMA, a collection of foundation language models ranging from 7B to 65B parameters. We train our models on trillions of tokens, and show that it is possible to train state-of-the-art models using publicly available datasets exclusively, without resorting to proprietary and inaccessible datasets. In particular, LLaMA-13B outperforms GPT-3 (175B) on most benchmarks, and LLaMA-65B is competitive with the best models, Chinchilla-70B and PaLM-540B. We release all our models to the research community.
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Fragmentation strictly raises optimal finite-context log-loss on Markov sources while tokenization can make a short token window equivalent to a longer source window under reliability and compression conditions.
Allowing each quantization group to select among multiple 4-bit grids improves accuracy over single-grid FP4 for both post-training and pre-training of LLMs.
Adaptive scheduling of interventions in discrete diffusion language models, timed to attribute-specific commitment schedules discovered with sparse autoencoders, delivers precise multi-attribute steering up to 93% strength while preserving generation quality.
SignSGD provably beats SGD by a factor of d under sparse noise via matched ℓ1-norm upper and lower bounds, with an equivalent result for Muon on matrices, and this predicts faster GPT-2 pretraining.
An adversary controlling an intermediate pipeline stage in decentralized LLM post-training can inject a backdoor that reduces alignment from 80% to 6%, with the backdoor persisting in 60% of cases even after subsequent safety training.
First study of 1,899 MCP servers finds eight distinct vulnerabilities (only three traditional), 7.2% with general issues, 5.5% with tool poisoning, and 66% with code smells, urging MCP-specific security practices.
BEAVER is the first text-to-SQL benchmark from private enterprise data warehouses, revealing SOTA agentic frameworks achieve only 10.8% accuracy on complex real-world queries.
MME-RealWorld is the largest manually annotated high-resolution benchmark for MLLMs, where even the best models achieve less than 60% accuracy on challenging real-world tasks.
AgentDojo introduces an extensible evaluation framework populated with realistic agent tasks and security test cases to measure prompt injection robustness in tool-using LLM agents.
AgentClinic is a multimodal agent benchmark demonstrating that LLM diagnostic accuracy on MedQA drops to below one-tenth in sequential clinical simulations, with Claude-3.5 leading and large tool-use differences across models.
ORPO performs preference alignment during supervised fine-tuning via a monolithic odds ratio penalty, allowing 7B models to outperform larger state-of-the-art models on alignment benchmarks.
BLaIR is a new benchmark and 570M-review dataset showing that LLM performance rankings on recommendation tasks have little correlation with rankings on general embedding benchmarks like MTEB.
Mamba is a linear-time sequence model using input-dependent selective SSMs that achieves SOTA results across modalities and matches twice-larger Transformers on language modeling with 5x higher inference throughput.
MMMU provides 11.5K heterogeneous college-level multimodal questions that current models solve at 56-59% accuracy, establishing a new standard for expert multimodal evaluation.
Tree of Thoughts enables language models to solve complex planning tasks by generating, evaluating, and searching over coherent intermediate thoughts in a tree, raising Game of 24 success from 4% to 74% with GPT-4.
API-Bank is a new benchmark and training dataset for tool-augmented LLMs that shows fine-tuned models can approach GPT-3.5 tool-use effectiveness.
GPT-4-generated instruction data produces superior zero-shot performance in finetuned LLaMA models versus prior state-of-the-art data.
A new sensitivity-labeled test collection is released from Enron emails with crowdsourced queries, relevance judgments, and LLM extensions for evaluating sensitivity-aware search.
SPARE reformulates visual token pruning as column subset selection to minimize reconstruction error and uses anti-relevance for context-aware selection in VLMs.
Orli is an autoregressive image-to-sequence model that jointly detects text lines and determines their reading order on historical documents via chord-frame baselines, trained on 196k pages across ten scripts.
Defines cost-aware RAG with evidence cost tiers and shows static selectors are brittle while agentic LLM-based selection is promising but model-dependent.
RWGBench is a citation-centric benchmark for related work generation built from 40k CS papers and a 100-paper test set, with multi-dimensional metrics that better match human expert judgment than standard similarity scores.
Introduces nexbax, a diagnostic framework with three themes and 10 dimensions for evaluating AI economic viability, operational practicality, and societal integrity in next-billion-user contexts.
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Steering Without Breaking: Mechanistically Informed Interventions for Discrete Diffusion Language Models
Adaptive scheduling of interventions in discrete diffusion language models, timed to attribute-specific commitment schedules discovered with sparse autoencoders, delivers precise multi-attribute steering up to 93% strength while preserving generation quality.
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Model Context Protocol (MCP) at First Glance: Studying the Security and Maintainability of MCP Servers
First study of 1,899 MCP servers finds eight distinct vulnerabilities (only three traditional), 7.2% with general issues, 5.5% with tool poisoning, and 66% with code smells, urging MCP-specific security practices.
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ORPO: Monolithic Preference Optimization without Reference Model
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Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spaces
Mamba is a linear-time sequence model using input-dependent selective SSMs that achieves SOTA results across modalities and matches twice-larger Transformers on language modeling with 5x higher inference throughput.
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Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Models
Tree of Thoughts enables language models to solve complex planning tasks by generating, evaluating, and searching over coherent intermediate thoughts in a tree, raising Game of 24 success from 4% to 74% with GPT-4.
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On the Cost and Benefit of Chain of Thought: A Learning-Theoretic Perspective
Chain of Thought risk decomposes into oracle-trajectory benefit and trajectory-mismatch cost, with stability determining bounded, linear, or exponential error growth.
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Towards Automated Air Traffic Safety Assessment Around Non-Towered Airports Using Large Language Models
Large language models achieve macro F1 scores above 0.85 on binary nominal-versus-danger classification from CTAF radio transcripts and METAR weather data using a new synthetic dataset with a 12-category hazard taxonomy.
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Efficient and Adaptive Human Activity Recognition via LLM Backbones
Pretrained LLMs adapted via convolutional projections and LoRA act as efficient frozen backbones for sensor-based human activity recognition, delivering strong data efficiency and cross-dataset transfer.
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V-ABS: Action-Observer Driven Beam Search for Dynamic Visual Reasoning
V-ABS is an action-observer beam search method with entropy-based adaptive weighting and an 80k-sample SFT dataset that delivers 19.7% average gains on visual reasoning tasks for MLLMs.
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OZ-TAL: Online Zero-Shot Temporal Action Localization
Defines OZ-TAL task and presents a training-free VLM-based method that outperforms prior approaches for online and offline zero-shot temporal action localization on THUMOS14 and ActivityNet-1.3.
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The Wittgensteinian Representation Hypothesis: Is Language the Attractor of Multimodal Convergence?
Language representations serve as the asymptotic attractor for convergence in independently trained multimodal neural networks due to feature density asymmetry.
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VORT: Adaptive Power-Law Memory for NLP Transformers
VORT assigns learnable fractional orders to tokens and approximates their power-law retention kernels via sum-of-exponentials for efficient long-range dependency modeling in transformers.
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Transformers Can Implement Preconditioned Richardson Iteration for In-Context Gaussian Kernel Regression
A single-head softmax transformer with O(log(1/ε)) blocks and O(√(N/ε)) MLP width implements preconditioned Richardson iteration to achieve ε-accurate Gaussian KRR predictions on length-N prompts under bounded data.
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Chain-based Distillation for Effective Initialization of Variable-Sized Small Language Models
Chain-based Distillation constructs a sequence of anchor models to enable efficient initialization of variable-sized SLMs through interpolation, with bridge distillation for cross-architecture transfer, yielding better performance than scratch training.
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GPO-V: Jailbreak Diffusion Vision Language Model by Global Probability Optimization
GPO-V jailbreaks dVLMs by globally optimizing probabilities in the denoising process to bypass refusal patterns, achieving stealthy and transferable attacks.
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Understanding Performance Collapse in Layer-Pruned Large Language Models via Decision Representation Transitions
Performance collapse in layer-pruned LLMs stems from disrupting the Silent Phase of decision-making, which blocks the transition to correct predictions, while the later Decisive Phase is robust to pruning.
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Echo-LoRA: Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning via Cross-Layer Representation Injection
Echo-LoRA raises average performance on eight commonsense reasoning benchmarks by 3.0 to 5.7 points over standard LoRA by using a training-only cross-layer echo representation that is discarded after training.
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Low Rank Adaptation for Adversarial Perturbation
Adversarial perturbations possess an inherently low-rank structure that enables more efficient and effective black-box adversarial attacks via subspace projection.
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A Systematic Survey of Security Threats and Defenses in LLM-Based AI Agents: A Layered Attack Surface Framework
A new 7x4 taxonomy organizes agentic AI security threats by architectural layer and persistence timescale, revealing under-explored upper layers and missing defenses after surveying 116 papers.
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RAG-Reflect: Agentic Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Reflections for Comment-Driven Code Maintenance on Stack Overflow
RAG-Reflect achieves F1=0.78 on valid comment-edit prediction using retrieval-augmented reasoning and self-reflection, outperforming baselines and approaching fine-tuned models without retraining.
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VistaBot: View-Robust Robot Manipulation via Spatiotemporal-Aware View Synthesis
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On the Robustness of LLM-Based Dense Retrievers: A Systematic Analysis of Generalizability and Stability
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Don't Let the Video Speak: Audio-Contrastive Preference Optimization for Audio-Visual Language Models
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Semantic-Geometric Dual Compression: Training-Free Visual Token Reduction for Ultra-High-Resolution Remote Sensing Understanding
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EgoTL: Egocentric Think-Aloud Chains for Long-Horizon Tasks
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Envisioning the Future, One Step at a Time
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Learning Vision-Language-Action World Models for Autonomous Driving
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Focus Matters: Phase-Aware Suppression for Hallucination in Vision-Language Models
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Deformation-based In-Context Learning for Point Cloud Understanding
DeformPIC deforms query point clouds under prompt guidance for in-context learning, outperforming prior methods with lower Chamfer Distance on reconstruction, denoising, and registration tasks.
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QAPruner: Quantization-Aware Vision Token Pruning for Multimodal Large Language Models
QAPruner introduces a hybrid sensitivity metric that combines group-wise quantization error simulation and outlier intensity with semantic scores to prune visual tokens, yielding 2.24% higher accuracy than naive baselines at 12.5% token retention on LLaVA models while surpassing dense low-bit models
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Analyzing Reverse Address Translation Overheads in Multi-GPU Scale-Up Pods
Simulation study shows cold TLB misses in reverse address translation dominate latency for small collectives in multi-GPU pods, causing up to 1.4x degradation, while larger ones see diminishing returns.
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Large-scale Codec Avatars: The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Large-scale Avatar Pretraining
Pretraining on 1M wild videos followed by post-training on curated data yields high-fidelity feedforward 3D avatars that generalize across identities, clothing, and lighting with emergent relightability and loose-garment support.
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ProCap: Projection-Aware Captioning for Spatial Augmented Reality
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Agentic AI in Remote Sensing: Foundations, Taxonomy, and Emerging Systems
The paper delivers the first comprehensive review and unified taxonomy of agentic AI in remote sensing, covering single-agent copilots, multi-agent systems, planning mechanisms, benchmarks, and a roadmap while noting limitations in grounding and safety.
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Audio Flamingo 3: Advancing Audio Intelligence with Fully Open Large Audio Language Models
Audio Flamingo 3 introduces an open large audio-language model achieving new state-of-the-art results on over 20 audio understanding and reasoning benchmarks using a unified encoder and curriculum training on open data.
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Seeing Isn't Orienting: A Cognitively Grounded Benchmark Reveals Systematic Orientation Failures in MLLMs
DORI benchmark shows top vision-language models reach only 54.2% accuracy on coarse orientation tasks and 33% on granular judgments, with sharp drops on reference-frame shifts and compound rotations.
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OCRBench v2: An Improved Benchmark for Evaluating Large Multimodal Models on Visual Text Localization and Reasoning
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Deep Time Series Models: A Comprehensive Survey and Benchmark
This survey and benchmark of deep time series models using the released TSLib library finds that models with specific structures perform well only on distinct analysis tasks.
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LLaVA-NeXT-Interleave: Tackling Multi-image, Video, and 3D in Large Multimodal Models
LLaVA-NeXT-Interleave unifies multi-image, video, and 3D capabilities in large multimodal models via a new 1.18M-sample interleaved dataset and benchmark, achieving leading results across those tasks while preserving single-image performance.
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Cambrian-1: A Fully Open, Vision-Centric Exploration of Multimodal LLMs
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Transformers are SSMs: Generalized Models and Efficient Algorithms Through Structured State Space Duality
Transformers and SSMs are unified through structured state space duality, producing a 2-8X faster Mamba-2 model that remains competitive with Transformers.
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Set-of-Mark Prompting Unleashes Extraordinary Visual Grounding in GPT-4V
Set-of-Mark prompting marks segmented image regions with alphanumerics and masks to let GPT-4V achieve state-of-the-art zero-shot results on referring expression comprehension and segmentation benchmarks like RefCOCOg.
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Ring Attention with Blockwise Transformers for Near-Infinite Context
Ring Attention uses blockwise computation and ring communication to let Transformers process sequences up to device-count times longer than prior memory-efficient methods.
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Efficient Memory Management for Large Language Model Serving with PagedAttention
PagedAttention achieves near-zero waste in LLM key-value cache memory and enables 2-4x higher serving throughput than prior systems.
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Voyager: An Open-Ended Embodied Agent with Large Language Models
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QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMs
QLoRA finetunes 4-bit quantized LLMs via LoRA adapters to match full-precision performance while using far less memory, enabling 65B-scale training on single GPUs and producing Guanaco models near ChatGPT level.
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VideoChat: Chat-Centric Video Understanding
VideoChat integrates video models and LLMs via a learnable interface for chat-based spatiotemporal and causal video reasoning, trained on a new video-centric instruction dataset.
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LLM+P: Empowering Large Language Models with Optimal Planning Proficiency
LLM+P lets LLMs solve planning problems optimally by converting them to PDDL for classical planners and back to natural language.
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Visual Instruction Tuning
LLaVA is trained on GPT-4 generated visual instruction data to achieve 85.1% relative performance to GPT-4 on synthetic multimodal tasks and 92.53% accuracy on Science QA.