Polynomial models for the (2,2) post-merger waveform amplitudes of eccentric non-spinning binary black holes are constructed from numerical-relativity data as functions of symmetric mass ratio and two merger-time dynamical parameters.
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GW231123: A Possible Primordial Black Hole Origin
15 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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abstract
GW231123, the heaviest binary black hole merger detected by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration to date, lies in the pair-instability mass gap and exhibits unusually high component spins. In this Letter, we show that both merging black holes may have a primordial origin with smaller initial masses. The observed masses and, crucially, the spins of GW231123 are naturally accommodated within the most vanilla primordial black hole framework, once cosmological accretion is taken into account. Interestingly, the parameter space needed to explain the inferred GW231123 rate is at the edge of the exclusion region from x-ray and CMB observations, suggesting that this interpretation can be either confirmed or ruled out. The upcoming O5 observing run by the collaboration should detect ${\cal O}(20)$ similar events, testing their mass-spin correlation, while next-generation detectors would be capable of observing high redshift events, as predicted in this scenario.
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No definitive lensing is detected in GW231123, though a potential microlensing feature with modulation amplitude up to 0.8 at 95% confidence is noted, limited by large waveform systematics in short signals.
Two FRBs exhibit microlensing signatures consistent with intermediate-mass black holes of masses approximately 500-600 and 1500-2500 solar masses, interpreted as possible evidence for isolated primordial black holes comprising about 4% of dark matter.
The BB plot is a new diagnostic that links Bayes factors to their expected distributions under competing hypotheses, enabling validation of calculations and low-cost background estimation for model selection in GW studies.
A coupled galaxy-cluster model shows that Milky Way globular clusters, many from satellite galaxies, form dynamically interacting black hole binaries whose merger rates increase with redshift up to z=5.
LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA O4a data yields the strongest constraints on primordial black hole abundance for 0.6-100 solar masses, with resolvable mergers dominating the limits and no compelling evidence for a PBH contribution in joint fits with astrophysical black holes.
LILA can detect IMBH binaries at redshifts 20-30, IMRIs, and provide months-to-years early warnings with high-SNR events for gravity tests.
No evidence for core-collapse formed low-spin IMBHs in GWTC-4, with 90% upper limit on merger rate of 0.077 Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1}, low-spin BH mass truncation at 65 solar masses consistent with pair-instability gap lower edge, and high-spin IMBHs from hierarchical mergers.
Coupled cosmological and cluster simulations show isolated binary evolution cannot produce GW231123-like mergers at the observed redshift, while hierarchical mergers in globular clusters can, yielding a local rate of 0.78 Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1} peaking at z=4-6.
Deformed alpha-attractor T-models with a Gaussian feature near the minimum yield more smaller shorter-lived oscillons during self-resonance preheating, suppressing energy in oscillons and altering the high-frequency gravitational wave tail while leaving low frequencies unchanged.
Reanalysis of GW231123 shows no significant eccentricity, with parameter estimate differences explained by waveform model disagreements at strong spin precession.
GW231123 data favors an overlapping two-signal model over a single merger with Bayes factors of 100-10000, mitigating waveform-dependent discrepancies and suggesting possible gravitational lensing.
Authors add induced gravity and a polynomial potential to an F(R) model, transform to a two-field chiral cosmology, and find parameter choices that match ACT inflation data while yielding PBH masses compatible with dark matter.
Using HBI on GWTC-4 data the authors compute lensed SGWBs for ABHs and PBHs and conclude that LIGO and ET can distinguish the two formation channels in specific frequency ranges, with ET offering broader coverage.
The high mass and high spin magnitudes inferred for GW231123 using NRSur7dq4 are robust to waveform systematics and Gaussian noise.
citing papers explorer
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Highly eccentric non-spinning binary black hole mergers: quadrupolar post-merger waveforms
Polynomial models for the (2,2) post-merger waveform amplitudes of eccentric non-spinning binary black holes are constructed from numerical-relativity data as functions of symmetric mass ratio and two merger-time dynamical parameters.
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The First Model-Independent Upper Bound on Micro-lensing Signature of the Highest Mass Binary Black Hole Event GW231123
No definitive lensing is detected in GW231123, though a potential microlensing feature with modulation amplitude up to 0.8 at 95% confidence is noted, limited by large waveform systematics in short signals.
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Evidence for Intermediate-Mass Black Holes From Microlensing Signatures in CHIME/FRB catalog 2
Two FRBs exhibit microlensing signatures consistent with intermediate-mass black holes of masses approximately 500-600 and 1500-2500 solar masses, interpreted as possible evidence for isolated primordial black holes comprising about 4% of dark matter.
-
BB plot: A Tool for Accurate Model Selection Using Bayes factors
The BB plot is a new diagnostic that links Bayes factors to their expected distributions under competing hypotheses, enabling validation of calculations and low-cost background estimation for model selection in GW studies.
-
Milky Way Globular Clusters: Nurseries for Dynamically-Formed Binary Black Holes
A coupled galaxy-cluster model shows that Milky Way globular clusters, many from satellite galaxies, form dynamically interacting black hole binaries whose merger rates increase with redshift up to z=5.
-
Constraints on primordial black holes from the first part of LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA fourth observing run
LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA O4a data yields the strongest constraints on primordial black hole abundance for 0.6-100 solar masses, with resolvable mergers dominating the limits and no compelling evidence for a PBH contribution in joint fits with astrophysical black holes.
-
Black Hole Binary Detection Landscape for the Laser Interferometer Lunar Antenna (LILA): Signal-to-Noise Calculations & Science Cases
LILA can detect IMBH binaries at redshifts 20-30, IMRIs, and provide months-to-years early warnings with high-SNR events for gravity tests.
-
How do the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA's Heavy Black Holes Form? No evidence for core-collapse Intermediate-mass black holes in GWTC-4
No evidence for core-collapse formed low-spin IMBHs in GWTC-4, with 90% upper limit on merger rate of 0.077 Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1}, low-spin BH mass truncation at 65 solar masses consistent with pair-instability gap lower edge, and high-spin IMBHs from hierarchical mergers.
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Investigating the formation channel of GW231123: Population III stars or hierarchical mergers?
Coupled cosmological and cluster simulations show isolated binary evolution cannot produce GW231123-like mergers at the observed redshift, while hierarchical mergers in globular clusters can, yielding a local rate of 0.78 Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1} peaking at z=4-6.
-
Self-resonance preheating in deformed attractor models: oscillon formation and evolution
Deformed alpha-attractor T-models with a Gaussian feature near the minimum yield more smaller shorter-lived oscillons during self-resonance preheating, suppressing energy in oscillons and altering the high-frequency gravitational wave tail while leaving low frequencies unchanged.
-
Measuring Eccentricity and Addressing Waveform Systematics in GW231123
Reanalysis of GW231123 shows no significant eccentricity, with parameter estimate differences explained by waveform model disagreements at strong spin precession.
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GW231123: Overlapping Gravitational Wave Signals?
GW231123 data favors an overlapping two-signal model over a single merger with Bayes factors of 100-10000, mitigating waveform-dependent discrepancies and suggesting possible gravitational lensing.
-
Primordial black holes formation in inflationary $F(R)$ models with scalar fields
Authors add induced gravity and a polynomial potential to an F(R) model, transform to a two-field chiral cosmology, and find parameter choices that match ACT inflation data while yielding PBH masses compatible with dark matter.
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Effects of formation channels and gravitational lensing on stochastic gravitational wave background
Using HBI on GWTC-4 data the authors compute lensed SGWBs for ABHs and PBHs and conclude that LIGO and ET can distinguish the two formation channels in specific frequency ranges, with ET offering broader coverage.
-
The impact of waveform systematics and Gaussian noise on the interpretation of GW231123
The high mass and high spin magnitudes inferred for GW231123 using NRSur7dq4 are robust to waveform systematics and Gaussian noise.