Non-quantized gravity models that preserve Galilean invariance and reproduce Newtonian interaction on average require a minimal noise injection to remain non-entangling.
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A Spin Entanglement Witness for Quantum Gravity
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abstract
Understanding gravity in the framework of quantum mechanics is one of the great challenges in modern physics. Along this line, a prime question is to find whether gravity is a quantum entity subject to the rules of quantum mechanics. It is fair to say that there are no feasible ideas yet to test the quantum coherent behaviour of gravity directly in a laboratory experiment. Here, we introduce an idea for such a test based on the principle that two objects cannot be entangled without a quantum mediator. We show that despite the weakness of gravity, the phase evolution induced by the gravitational interaction of two micron size test masses in adjacent matter-wave interferometers can detectably entangle them even when they are placed far apart enough to keep Casimir-Polder forces at bay. We provide a prescription for witnessing this entanglement, which certifies gravity as a quantum coherent mediator, through simple correlation measurements between two spins: one embedded in each test mass. Fundamentally, the above entanglement is shown to certify the presence of non-zero off-diagonal terms in the coherent state basis of the gravitational field modes.
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QGEM signals show stable hierarchy ADD > gapped continuum > RSII at submillimeter distances, with normalized phase profiles discriminating RSII from the other two models.
Quantum matter sources an operator-valued Shapiro delay that promotes causal boundaries to noncommuting observables and allows superpositions of causal relations between spacetime points.
The noise spectrum an interferometer would see from quantum spacetime jitter is computed for vacuum, thermal, squeezed, and scalar-backreaction states; all are Planck-suppressed.
A PPT witness criterion is proposed to detect graviton-mediated entanglement between photons and matter qubits, attaining a maximal negativity of -0.052 for non-maximally entangled states when the photon coherent-state overlap satisfies 0.71 ≤ |γ| < 1.
Decoherence with a hidden environment in fully quantum systems produces effective non-Markovian classical-quantum dynamics, valid when the semi-Wigner operator remains positive semidefinite, reducing to Markovian CQ models in the short-memory limit.
Virtual graviton exchange between a photon and a high-spinning quantum rotor generates entanglement between photon degrees of freedom and rotor position, with prograde-retrograde motion yielding observable differences in linear entanglement entropy.
Gravitational decoherence of macroscopic objects in Newtonian gravity accumulates logarithmically over distances but remains subdominant to collisional decoherence.
Correlated sensing with thermal-state resonant detectors enables statistical tests via symmetric correlators to reveal quantum noise characteristics of gravitons in two- and three-detector tabletop configurations.
Entanglement through Newtonian potentials does not imply gravitons unless retardation effects are detected.
Field leakage into ER=EPR wormholes modifies hydrogen hyperfine splitting and may induce net charge, yielding constraints from existing precision data.
A matter-wave interferometer with a Schrödinger cat state displaces the graviton vacuum into coherent states, with the left-right overlap providing a gravitational contrast that quantifies entanglement between matter and the quantized gravitational field.
Quantum spacetime with a non-commutative dual explains the fixed Born rule of quantum theory and leads to gravitized quantum mechanics featuring dynamical probabilities and higher-order interference.
Extends prior two-photon formalism to compute true motion and optimal cooling in multi-DOF GW detector test masses, finding sub-unity occupation numbers possible over the oscillator bandwidth for common definitions.
The paper organizes important open questions in quantum gravity and quantum information into four themes without presenting new results or derivations.
citing papers explorer
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Minimal noise in non-quantized gravity
Non-quantized gravity models that preserve Galilean invariance and reproduce Newtonian interaction on average require a minimal noise injection to remain non-entangling.
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Entanglement probes of gravitational Kaluza-Klein spectra: signal hierarchy and model discrimination
QGEM signals show stable hierarchy ADD > gapped continuum > RSII at submillimeter distances, with normalized phase profiles discriminating RSII from the other two models.
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Quantum Matter Makes Lightcones Quantum
Quantum matter sources an operator-valued Shapiro delay that promotes causal boundaries to noncommuting observables and allows superpositions of causal relations between spacetime points.
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Geometric noise spectrum in interferometers
The noise spectrum an interferometer would see from quantum spacetime jitter is computed for vacuum, thermal, squeezed, and scalar-backreaction states; all are Planck-suppressed.
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Witnessing entanglement between photon and matter due to graviton exchange
A PPT witness criterion is proposed to detect graviton-mediated entanglement between photons and matter qubits, attaining a maximal negativity of -0.052 for non-maximally entangled states when the photon coherent-state overlap satisfies 0.71 ≤ |γ| < 1.
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Emergence of Non-Markovian Classical-Quantum Dynamics from Decoherence
Decoherence with a hidden environment in fully quantum systems produces effective non-Markovian classical-quantum dynamics, valid when the semi-Wigner operator remains positive semidefinite, reducing to Markovian CQ models in the short-memory limit.
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Graviton-mediated entanglement due to light bending from a quantum rotor
Virtual graviton exchange between a photon and a high-spinning quantum rotor generates entanglement between photon degrees of freedom and rotor position, with prograde-retrograde motion yielding observable differences in linear entanglement entropy.
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Gravitationally Induced Quantum Decoherence of Macroscopic Objects
Gravitational decoherence of macroscopic objects in Newtonian gravity accumulates logarithmically over distances but remains subdominant to collisional decoherence.
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Correlated Quantum Sensing at the Seemingly Classical Limit
Correlated sensing with thermal-state resonant detectors enables statistical tests via symmetric correlators to reveal quantum noise characteristics of gravitons in two- and three-detector tabletop configurations.
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When does entanglement through gravity imply gravitons?
Entanglement through Newtonian potentials does not imply gravitons unless retardation effects are detected.
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Testing ER = EPR with Hydrogen
Field leakage into ER=EPR wormholes modifies hydrogen hyperfine splitting and may induce net charge, yielding constraints from existing precision data.
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Quantum gravitational contrast in creating Schr\"odinger cat state
A matter-wave interferometer with a Schrödinger cat state displaces the graviton vacuum into coherent states, with the left-right overlap providing a gravitational contrast that quantifies entanglement between matter and the quantized gravitational field.
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Quantum Spacetime, Quantum Gravity and Gravitized Quantum Theory
Quantum spacetime with a non-commutative dual explains the fixed Born rule of quantum theory and leads to gravitized quantum mechanics featuring dynamical probabilities and higher-order interference.
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True and apparent motion of optomechanical resonators, with applications to feedback cooling of gravitational wave detector test masses
Extends prior two-photon formalism to compute true motion and optimal cooling in multi-DOF GW detector test masses, finding sub-unity occupation numbers possible over the oscillator bandwidth for common definitions.
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Rethinking quantum information in gravity and fields
The paper organizes important open questions in quantum gravity and quantum information into four themes without presenting new results or derivations.