Milky Way radial and vertical dynamics are inconsistent with MOND and STVG but consistent with dark matter halos, disfavoring the former at high significance.
The Radial Acceleration Relation in Rotationally Supported Galaxies
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abstract
We report a correlation between the radial acceleration traced by rotation curves and that predicted by the observed distribution of baryons. The same relation is followed by 2693 points in 153 galaxies with very different morphologies, masses, sizes, and gas fractions. The correlation persists even when dark matter dominates. Consequently, the dark matter contribution is fully specified by that of the baryons. The observed scatter is small and largely dominated by observational uncertainties. This radial acceleration relation is tantamount to a natural law for rotating galaxies.
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IGIMF-based baryonic mass estimates for three Bullet Cluster BCG cores using JWST photometry place the MOND strong-lensing masses inside the predicted baryonic range.
Gas-dominated galaxies in SPARC exhibit rightward curving geometry in normalized g2-space (r_obs > r_bar), unlike the full sample, indicating the true dynamics and radial dependence of disk mass-to-light ratios.
Five of seven modeled M31 dwarf spheroidals show anomalously low central DM densities at 150 pc, with star formation heating disfavored as the sole cause.
Fractional-Dimension Gravity reproduces Milky Way rotation curves via a variable dimension D(R) fitted to Gaia data without dark matter.
Review of state-of-the-art cosmological galaxy formation models for HI, molecular gas and radio continuum in preparation for SKA, advocating coordinated multi-scale simulations, forward modelling and AI emulators.