Ultra-relativistic black hole flybys can radiate over 65% of their energy in gravitational waves via irregular waveforms caused by radiation trapping and lensing, without coalescence.
The high-energy collision of two black holes
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abstract
We study the head-on collision of two highly boosted equal mass, nonrotating black holes. We determine the waveforms, radiated energies, and mode excitation in the center of mass frame for a variety of boosts. For the first time we are able to compare analytic calculations, black hole perturbation theory, and strong field, nonlinear numerical calculations for this problem. Extrapolation of our results, which include velocities of up to 0.94c, indicate that in the ultra-relativistic regime about (14\pm 3)% of the energy is converted into gravitational waves. This gives rise to a luminosity of order 10^-2 c^5/G, the largest known so far in a black hole merger.
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An analytic model with no free parameters predicts 13.8% of initial energy radiated as gravitational waves for light-speed head-on equal-mass black hole collisions.
Quasinormal modes are eigenmodes of dissipative gravitational systems whose spectra encode near-equilibrium transport coefficients in dual quantum field theories and enable tests of general relativity through gravitational wave observations.
citing papers explorer
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Trapping, Irregular Waveforms, and Efficient Radiation in Ultra-relativistic Black Hole Encounters
Ultra-relativistic black hole flybys can radiate over 65% of their energy in gravitational waves via irregular waveforms caused by radiation trapping and lensing, without coalescence.
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Gravitational Wave Energy Emitted in the Head-On Collision of Two Black Holes
An analytic model with no free parameters predicts 13.8% of initial energy radiated as gravitational waves for light-speed head-on equal-mass black hole collisions.
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Quasinormal modes of black holes and black branes
Quasinormal modes are eigenmodes of dissipative gravitational systems whose spectra encode near-equilibrium transport coefficients in dual quantum field theories and enable tests of general relativity through gravitational wave observations.