An exact operator conservation law from canonical commutation relations bounds second moments of a ghost-coupled oscillator for all time and states, preventing quantum runaway.
Canonical reference
The phantom menaced: constraints on low-energy effective ghosts
Canonical reference. 100% of citing Pith papers cite this work as background.
11
Pith papers citing it
Background
100% of classified citations
abstract
It has been suggested that a scalar field with negative kinetic energy, or ``ghost,'' could be the source of the observed late-time cosmological acceleration. Naively, such theories should be ruled out by the catastrophic quantum instability of the vacuum. We derive phenomenological bounds on the Lorentz-violating ultraviolet cutoff Lambda which must apply to low-energy effective theories of ghosts, in order to keep the instability at unobservable levels. Assuming only that ghosts interact at least gravitationally, we show that Lambda < 3 MeV for consistency with the cosmic gamma ray background. We also show that theories of ghosts with a Lorentz-conserving cutoff are completely excluded.
citation-role summary
background 7
citation-polarity summary
roles
background 7polarities
background 7representative citing papers
Affine ANEC obstructs non-static flat and open FRW from being null geodesically complete while ANEC-satisfying, but allows explicit scalar-field realizations for closed FRW with NEC-respecting matter.
Proposes phase-resolved invariant path-length criteria and a master formula for lower bound on ε_ek in ekpyrotic cosmologies, using BKL suppression and conversion windows as constraints.
A quantum ghost coupled polynomially to a harmonic oscillator has unitary evolution and a stable vacuum because a conserved quantity possesses a positive discrete spectrum.
Numerical simulations show ghost-normal scalar systems can remain dynamically bounded for long times when initial data is ultraviolet-dominated and low-amplitude, with some nonlinear potentials creating transient metastable states.
A two-field quintom model reproduces w0waCDM perturbation features and is mildly favored over it in Bayesian fits to BAO, CMB, and SNIa data.
Generalized second law on the apparent horizon plus w ≥ -1 and the dominant energy condition rules out hyperbolic spatial sections for homogeneous isotropic universes.
Extended analysis of DESI DR2 data confirms robust evidence for dynamical dark energy with phantom crossing preference, stable under parametric and non-parametric modeling.
Coupled quintessence-dark matter models can produce an apparent phantom-crossing effective equation of state matching DESI preferences if the scalar field begins frozen in the radiation era.
Effective phantom dark energy is a background-level reconstruction that does not imply fundamental pathologies such as ghost instabilities or null energy condition violation by the underlying stress tensor.
This review traces the history of dynamical dark energy, presents the no-go theorem against single-field crossing of w = -1, and surveys viable Quintom constructions including multi-field models and modified gravity in light of DESI DR2 hints.
citing papers explorer
-
Unitary Time Evolution and Vacuum for a Quantum Stable Ghost
A quantum ghost coupled polynomially to a harmonic oscillator has unitary evolution and a stable vacuum because a conserved quantity possesses a positive discrete spectrum.