The first search for scalar-induced gravitational waves via pulsar parameter drifts yields f_PBH < 10^{-10} (95% CL) for PBH masses 0.3 to 4e4 solar masses, strongly disfavoring a primordial black hole origin for LVK binary black holes.
Broad search for gravitational waves from subsolar-mass binaries through LIGO and Virgo’s third observing run
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abstract
We present a search for gravitational waves from the coalescence of binaries which contain at least one subsolar mass component using data from the LIGO and Virgo observatories through the completion of their third observing run. The observation of a merger with a component below $1\,M_{\odot}$ would be a clear sign of either new physics or the existence of a primordial black hole population; these black holes could also contribute to the dark matter distribution. Our search targets binaries where the primary has mass $M_1$ between 0.1-100$\,M_{\odot}$ and the secondary has mass $M_2$ from 0.1-1$\,M_{\odot}$ for $M_1 < 20\,M_\odot$ and 0.01-1$\,M_{\odot}$ for $M_1 \ge 20\,M_\odot$. Sources with $M_1 < 7\,M_\odot, M_2 > 0.5\,M_\odot$ are also allowed to have orbital eccentricity up to $e_{10} \sim 0.3$. This search region covers from comparable to extreme mass ratio sources up to $10^4:1$. We find no statistically convincing candidates and so place new upper limits on the rate of mergers; our analysis sets the first limits for most subsolar sources with $7\,M_{\odot}< M_1 < 20\,M_{\odot}$ and tightens limits by $\sim 8\times$ $(1.6\times)$ where $M_1 > 20\,M_{\odot}$ ($M_1 < 7\,M_{\odot}$). Using these limits, we constrain the dark matter fraction to below 0.3 (0.7)$\%$ for 1 (0.5)$\,M_{\odot}$ black holes assuming a monochromatic mass function. Due to the high merger rate of primordial black holes beyond the individual source horizon distance, we also use the lack of an observed stochastic background as a complementary probe to limit the dark matter fraction. We find that although the limits are in general weaker than those from the direct search they become comparable at $0.1 \,M_{\odot}$.
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Subsolar strange star mergers produce a lower post-merger-to-cutoff GW frequency ratio than neutron star mergers, cleanly separating the two classes across equations of state and mass ratios.
O4a gravitational-wave data give 95% CL upper limits f_PBH ~ 1e-2 to 1e-4 for monochromatic primordial black holes with mean masses 0.6-100 M_sun, with no evidence of a PBH merger component.
Subsolar mass black holes can arise when tiny primordial black holes capture and consume dwarf stars, leaving black holes with the stars' masses.
LOFAR2.0, FAST Core Array and BINGO are forecast to bound f_PBH < 0.16 (M>1 Msun), <0.39 (M>10 Msun) and <0.39 (M>0.1 Msun) respectively from null FRB lensing.
GWTC-2.1 adds eight new high-significance compact binary coalescence events to the prior catalog, extending the observed black hole mass range and including candidates inside the pair-instability mass gap.
citing papers explorer
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Constraints on the Primordial Black Hole Abundance using Pulsar Parameter Drifts
The first search for scalar-induced gravitational waves via pulsar parameter drifts yields f_PBH < 10^{-10} (95% CL) for PBH masses 0.3 to 4e4 solar masses, strongly disfavoring a primordial black hole origin for LVK binary black holes.
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Subsolar-mass binary mergers of strange stars and neutron stars: gravitational waves and ejecta
Subsolar strange star mergers produce a lower post-merger-to-cutoff GW frequency ratio than neutron star mergers, cleanly separating the two classes across equations of state and mass ratios.
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Constraints on primordial black holes from the first part of LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA fourth observing run
O4a gravitational-wave data give 95% CL upper limits f_PBH ~ 1e-2 to 1e-4 for monochromatic primordial black holes with mean masses 0.6-100 M_sun, with no evidence of a PBH merger component.
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Subsolar mass black holes from stellar collapse induced by primordial black holes
Subsolar mass black holes can arise when tiny primordial black holes capture and consume dwarf stars, leaving black holes with the stars' masses.
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Probing Primordial Black Holes with upcoming Radio Telescopes: a case study for LOFAR2.0, FAST Core Array and BINGO
LOFAR2.0, FAST Core Array and BINGO are forecast to bound f_PBH < 0.16 (M>1 Msun), <0.39 (M>10 Msun) and <0.39 (M>0.1 Msun) respectively from null FRB lensing.
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GWTC-2.1: Deep Extended Catalog of Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the First Half of the Third Observing Run
GWTC-2.1 adds eight new high-significance compact binary coalescence events to the prior catalog, extending the observed black hole mass range and including candidates inside the pair-instability mass gap.